Bayydih Mansor, Darraj Hussain, Badedi Mohammed, Hummadi Abdulrahman, Mahfouz Mohamed Salih, Abuallut Ismail, Alhagawy Ali Jaber, Wasili Fahad Mousa J, Abdaly Ahmed Yahia, Omrain Mohammad Othman Abu, Hakami Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed
Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Department, Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2025 Jun;14(6):2148-2152. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_740_24. Epub 2025 Jun 30.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that requires early diagnosis and treatment. The major risk factors for DR include older age, dyslipidemia, obesity, and higher levels of glycated hemoglobin. This study aimed to assess the type and severity of DR in type 2 patients and its correlation with dyslipidemia in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
This case-control study was conducted at the Jazan endocrine and diabetes center. The study included type 2 diabetic patients without DR as controls and type 2 diabetic patients with DR as cases. Version 26 of SPSS was used to analyze the data, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for DR.
The study included 210 patients as controls and 100 patients as cases; mild nonproliferative DR was the most common degree (52%), and 5% had maculopathy. The comparison between the two groups revealed that there was no significant difference regarding experiencing dyslipidemia ( = 0.4). On the other hand, a significantly higher proportion of patients in the case group received aspirin and statin (P < 0.001). The risk factors for developing DR included age (AOR =1.05, P < 0.001), insulin and oral hypoglycemics (AOR =4.61, P < 0.001), and statin (AOR =4.19, P < 0.001).
Mild nonproliferative DR was the most dominant DR among Saudi T2DM patients. Neither dyslipidemia nor serum lipid was associated with developing DR. However, the administration of statin, older age, and a combination of insulin and oral hyperglycemics were significant risk factors for DR among T2DM patients.
糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病（DM）一种广为人知的并发症，需要早期诊断和治疗。DR的主要危险因素包括年龄较大、血脂异常、肥胖以及糖化血红蛋白水平较高。本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯吉赞地区2型糖尿病患者DR的类型和严重程度及其与血脂异常的相关性。
本病例对照研究在吉赞内分泌与糖尿病中心开展。该研究纳入无DR的2型糖尿病患者作为对照组，有DR的2型糖尿病患者作为病例组。使用SPSS 26版本分析数据，并进行多变量分析以确定DR的危险因素。
该研究纳入210例患者作为对照组，100例患者作为病例组；轻度非增殖性DR是最常见的程度（52%），5%有黄斑病变。两组之间的比较显示，在血脂异常方面没有显著差异（P = 0.4）。另一方面，病例组中接受阿司匹林和他汀类药物治疗的患者比例显著更高（P < 0.001）。发生DR的危险因素包括年龄（调整后比值比[AOR]=1.05，P < 0.001）、胰岛素和口服降糖药（AOR = 4.61，P < 0.001）以及他汀类药物（AOR = 4.19，P < 0.001）。
轻度非增殖性DR是沙特2型糖尿病患者中最主要的DR类型。血脂异常和血脂均与DR的发生无关。然而，他汀类药物的使用、年龄较大以及胰岛素和口服降糖药的联合使用是2型糖尿病患者发生DR的显著危险因素。
