Halfmann Peter J, Lee Jeong Soo, Duffy Augustine, Huang Bingcheng, Yang Jie E, Wright Elizabeth R, Kawaoka Yoshihiro, Kane Ravi S
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Npj Viruses. 2025 Jul 29;3(1):60. doi: 10.1038/s44298-025-00142-9.
Since the outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a virus that has caused a high case fatality rate of 36%, other merbecoviruses have been reported to also be capable of infecting human cells. Given the threat of Merbecovirus spillover to humans, we developed virus-like particle vaccines presenting the S2 subunit proteins of MERS-CoV, NeoCoV, HKU4, or HKU25. Mice were vaccinated with the homotypic vaccines, and IgG endpoint titers were measured against S2 proteins of the same panel of viruses, confirming high cross-reactivity across all four viruses. Based on characterization by antigenic cartography, MERS-CoV and HKU4 S2 proteins were selected as optimal components for a cocktail vaccine. MERS-CoV and NeoCoV homotypic vaccines, along with the mixture vaccine, provided partial protection in transgenic mice against a MERS-CoV challenge. These findings could serve as an important step toward designing pan-Merbecovirus vaccines in preparation for future outbreaks.
自中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）爆发以来，这种病毒的病死率高达36%，据报道其他默贝病毒也能够感染人类细胞。鉴于默贝病毒向人类溢出的威胁，我们开发了呈现MERS-CoV、NeoCoV、HKU4或HKU25的S2亚基蛋白的病毒样颗粒疫苗。用同型疫苗对小鼠进行免疫接种，并针对同一组病毒的S2蛋白测量IgG终点滴度，证实所有四种病毒之间具有高交叉反应性。基于抗原图谱分析，MERS-CoV和HKU4的S2蛋白被选为混合疫苗的最佳成分。MERS-CoV和NeoCoV同型疫苗以及混合疫苗为转基因小鼠抵御MERS-CoV攻击提供了部分保护。这些发现可能是朝着设计泛默贝病毒疫苗迈出的重要一步，为未来的疫情爆发做好准备。
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