Place of dexamethasone implant as an adjunctive treatment in Coats' disease: a retrospective single-center study.

BACKGROUND

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant as an adjunctive treatment to ablative therapy in Coats' disease.

METHODS

Consecutive Coats patients examined between February 2012 and January 2024 who received Dexamethasone implant with a follow-up for over twelve months were retrospectively evaluated. The demographic assessment, clinical staging, therapies, and clinical and anatomic outcomes were noted.

RESULTS

Of 15 total patients, four were excluded due to short follow-up. Ten patients (90.9%) were male, and all had unilateral involvement, whereas the only female patient (9.1%) had bilateral disease at presentation. At admission, the mean age was 14.82 ± 17.27 years (range 2-60 years). Seven of 12 eyes (58.33%) had stage 3a1, three eyes (25%) had stage 3a2, and two eyes (16.67%) had stage 2b disease. The mean follow-up duration was 65.73 ± 41.81 months (range 18-131 months). At the last visit, visual acuity remained stable in six of 12 eyes (50%), deteriorated in two eyes (16.67%), and improved at least one Snellen line in four eyes (33.33%). Transient IOP elevation was noted in eight eyes (66.67%). Cataract progression was documented in seven (58.33%) eyes, and four had cataract surgery (33.33%). Cyberknife therapy and subsequent vitrectomy surgery were performed in one eye (8.33%) due to a secondary vasoproliferative tumor occurrence. No other dexamethasone implant-related complication was noted.

CONCLUSIONS

Intravitreal dexamethasone implant can be a viable adjunctive option, especially in youngsters, to avoid frequent general anesthesia and in adults having massive macular exudation in addition to the conventional ablation treatments in Coats' patients.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Retrospectively registered. The study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethics committee (Date: 12.02.2025, Number: 2025/05-24).