Kaushik Monika, Madeswaraguptha Prathap, Vanangamudi Murugesan, Surendran Vijayaraj, Ashique Sumel, Islam Anas, Mojgani Naheed, Hussain Afzal
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Adv Immunol. 2025;166:211-258. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.008. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
Cancer immunotherapy recently has emerged as a revolutionary method in oncology. It takes the help of the body's immune system in fighting against tumor cells. Amongst the various approaches, DNA and mRNA vaccines are novel modalities with the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. They represent one such approach that can result in potent immune responses against tumor-specific antigens. The few but serious translation bottlenecks at the clinical level have been related to stability, in vivo distribution, and efficient delivery systems for DNA and mRNA vaccines. It is against this salient background that this chapter takes readers through recent success stories of DNA and mRNA vaccines, right from the formulation of the vaccine to delivery mechanisms, stability, and bioavailability in cancer immunotherapy. The further challenges that are discussed in this chapter are those of effect in vivo distribution and how such challenges impact therapeutic efficacy. In addition, the new emerging technologies for in vivo distribution and opportunities for optimization of emerging vaccines to clinical use are approached, with the main focus placed on new delivery platforms. The aim of this chapter is to help understand the current landscape and future directions toward DNA and mRNA vaccines in designing more effective and personalized cancer therapies.
癌症免疫疗法最近已成为肿瘤学中的一种革命性方法。它借助人体免疫系统来对抗肿瘤细胞。在各种方法中，DNA疫苗和mRNA疫苗是具有革新癌症治疗潜力的新型疗法。它们代表了一种能够引发针对肿瘤特异性抗原的强效免疫反应的方法。临床层面存在的为数不多但却严重的翻译瓶颈与DNA疫苗和mRNA疫苗的稳定性、体内分布以及高效递送系统有关。正是在这一显著背景下，本章带领读者了解DNA疫苗和mRNA疫苗最近的成功案例，从疫苗的配方到递送机制、稳定性以及在癌症免疫疗法中的生物利用度。本章讨论的进一步挑战包括体内分布效果以及此类挑战如何影响治疗效果。此外，还探讨了体内分布的新兴技术以及新兴疫苗优化至临床应用的机会，主要侧重于新的递送平台。本章的目的是帮助理解在设计更有效和个性化癌症疗法方面，DNA疫苗和mRNA疫苗的当前状况及未来方向。
