Luo Wenfei, Song Dingming, He Yibo, Song Judong, Ding Yunzhen
Department of Dermatology, Jinzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
Department of Urology, Jinzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
Oncol Res. 2025 Jul 18;33(8):1875-1893. doi: 10.32604/or.2025.063843. eCollection 2025.
Malignant melanoma, characterized by its high metastatic potential and resistance to conventional therapies, presents a major challenge in oncology. This review explores the current status and advancements in tumor vaccines for melanoma, focusing on peptide, DNA/RNA, dendritic cell, tumor cell, and neoantigen-based vaccines. Despite promising results, significant challenges remain, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, patient heterogeneity, and the need for more effective antigen presentation. Recent strategies, such as combining vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), aim to counteract immune evasion and enhance T cell responses. Emerging approaches, including personalized neoantigen vaccines and the use of self-amplifying RNA platforms, hold promise for overcoming tumor heterogeneity and improving vaccine efficacy. Additionally, optimizing vaccine delivery systems through nanotechnology and genetic modifications is essential for increasing stability and scalability. This review highlights the potential of these innovative strategies to address current limitations, with a focus on how future research can refine and combine these approaches to improve melanoma treatment outcomes.
恶性黑色素瘤以其高转移潜能和对传统疗法的耐药性为特征，是肿瘤学领域的一项重大挑战。本综述探讨了黑色素瘤肿瘤疫苗的现状和进展，重点关注基于肽、DNA/RNA、树突状细胞、肿瘤细胞和新抗原的疫苗。尽管取得了令人鼓舞的结果，但仍存在重大挑战，包括免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境、患者异质性以及对更有效抗原呈递的需求。最近的策略，如将疫苗与免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）联合使用，旨在对抗免疫逃逸并增强T细胞反应。新兴方法，包括个性化新抗原疫苗和自我扩增RNA平台的使用，有望克服肿瘤异质性并提高疫苗疗效。此外，通过纳米技术和基因修饰优化疫苗递送系统对于提高稳定性和可扩展性至关重要。本综述强调了这些创新策略解决当前局限性的潜力，重点关注未来研究如何改进和结合这些方法以改善黑色素瘤治疗结果。
