Su Yanjin, Guerra Nayrim Brizuella, Herculano Rondinelli D, Mussagy Cassamo U
Bioengineering & Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil.
São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Bauru, SP 17033-360, Brazil.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Sep;321(Pt 3):146525. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146525. Epub 2025 Aug 2.
This study explores the valorization of blueberry processing waste for the development of halochromic smart packaging films, utilizing deep eutectic solvents (DES) for sustainable anthocyanin extraction and as plasticizing agents to improve film flexibility. Among the DES tested, choline chloride:formic acid (2:1, v/v) achieved the highest anthocyanin yield at 230.34 mg/L under optimized conditions (25 °C, 30 min, 1:3 w/v solid-liquid ratio). Compared to conventional acidified methanol (MeOH), DES-extracted anthocyanins displayed inferior thermal stability (retaining ~85 % at 25 °C after 72 h) and strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 61.07 mg/mL, vs. 58.65 mg/mL for MeOH). UV-Vis and CIELab colorimetric analyses confirmed pH-responsive color changes from red (pH 1, a* = +23.65) to green-blue (pH 14, a* = -2.53), enabling real-time pH monitoring. Films incorporating DES-anthocyanins and 1 % w/v sodium alginate formed biodegradable, flexible materials with mechanical strength of 0.24 MPa, elongation of 4.98 %, and water vapor permeability of 0.0026 g·mm/m·h·kPa. The films effectively monitored spoilage in chicken, shrimp, and beef, showing visible color transitions within 24-48 h. This dual-purpose application of DES demonstrates a sustainable route for food waste upcycling, reduces reliance on hazardous solvents, and aligns with circular economy and smart packaging principles for enhanced food safety.
本研究探索了蓝莓加工废料在开发卤变色智能包装薄膜方面的价值，利用深共晶溶剂（DES）进行可持续的花青素提取，并作为增塑剂来提高薄膜的柔韧性。在所测试的DES中，氯化胆碱：甲酸（2:1，v/v）在优化条件（25℃，30分钟，1:3 w/v固液比）下达到了最高的花青素产量，为230.34mg/L。与传统酸化甲醇（MeOH）相比，DES提取的花青素热稳定性较差（72小时后在25℃下保留约85%），但具有较强的抗氧化活性（IC₅₀ = 61.07mg/mL，而MeOH为58.65mg/mL）。紫外可见光谱和CIELab比色分析证实了pH响应颜色变化，从红色（pH 1，a* = +23.65）变为蓝绿色（pH 14，a* = -2.53），能够进行实时pH监测。含有DES-花青素和1% w/v海藻酸钠的薄膜形成了可生物降解的柔性材料，机械强度为0.24MPa，伸长率为4.98%，水蒸气透过率为0.0026g·mm/m·h·kPa。这些薄膜有效地监测了鸡肉、虾和牛肉的腐败情况，在24-48小时内显示出明显的颜色变化。DES的这种双重用途应用展示了食品废料升级回收的可持续途径，减少了对有害溶剂的依赖，并符合循环经济和智能包装原则以增强食品安全。
