Lowell Clifford A
San Francisco, CA.
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2025;135:74-86.
Integrins play a critical role in leukocyte recruitment and activation within inflamed tissues. These heterodimeric cell-surface receptors recognize ligands on vascular endothelium or extracellular matrix to initiate intracellular signals leading to leukocyte adhesion, migration, and activation. The best-described role for integrins is in the leukocyte adhesion cascade, which is the process by which leukocytes exit the blood vasculature and enter the tissues in response to infection or injury. During the adhesion cascade, integrin signaling is required for changes in leukocyte cytoskeletal structure required for firm adhesion to endothelial cells, followed by intravascular crawling and transmigration from the bloodstream into the tissues. During this process, integrin signaling augments leukocytes' inflammatory and antimicrobial functions. Mutations in the genes encoding integrins or their downstream signaling molecules result in immunodeficiency and altered tissue repair following injury. Many of these mutations occur in proteins involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and have become known as actinopathies, the classic example being Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. We describe a new actinopathy-type mutation in the integrin signaling molecule SKAP2, which is associated with autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.
整合素在炎症组织中的白细胞募集和激活过程中发挥着关键作用。这些异二聚体细胞表面受体识别血管内皮或细胞外基质上的配体,从而启动细胞内信号传导,进而导致白细胞黏附、迁移和激活。整合素最广为人知的作用是参与白细胞黏附级联反应,这是白细胞在感染或损伤时离开血管系统并进入组织的过程。在黏附级联反应中,整合素信号传导对于白细胞细胞骨架结构的变化是必需的,这种变化是白细胞牢固黏附于内皮细胞所必需的,随后是血管内爬行以及从血液中迁移到组织中。在此过程中,整合素信号传导增强了白细胞的炎症和抗菌功能。编码整合素或其下游信号分子的基因突变会导致免疫缺陷以及损伤后组织修复的改变。许多此类突变发生在参与肌动蛋白细胞骨架重组的蛋白质中,这些突变已被称为肌动蛋白病,经典的例子是威斯科特-奥尔德里奇综合征。我们描述了整合素信号分子SKAP2中一种新的肌动蛋白病类型突变,该突变与自身免疫和1型糖尿病相关。