Zhao Yan, Yang Zhibo, Wu Dan, Zhao Hai
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jul 24;16:1614731. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1614731. eCollection 2025.
The discovery of microbial communities residing within tumors has unveiled a new dimension of cancer biology. In lung cancer, the intratumoral microbiome-comprising bacteria, fungi, and viruses-has emerged as a critical modulator of tumorigenesis, immune evasion, therapeutic response, and metastasis. This review comprehensively examines the landscape of the lung tumor microbiota, highlighting its mechanistic roles in shaping the tumor microenvironment, altering host immune responses, and reprogramming of cancer metabolism. We discuss the influence of specific microbial taxa on immunotherapeutic efficacy, including their interplay with immune checkpoints and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Moreover, we evaluate current evidence linking microbial signatures for diagnostic and prognostic applications, emphasizing their potential in biomarker discovery and precision oncology. By integrating findings from molecular epidemiology, multi-omics profiling, and preclinical models, this review provides a translational framework for leveraging the tumor-resident microbiota as both a within tumors, we may develop new microbiome-based strategies. These strategies could improve treatment outcomes and help overcome resistance to immunotherapy.
肿瘤内微生物群落的发现揭示了癌症生物学的一个新维度。在肺癌中，肿瘤内微生物群（包括细菌、真菌和病毒）已成为肿瘤发生、免疫逃逸、治疗反应和转移的关键调节因子。本综述全面审视了肺肿瘤微生物群的全貌，突出了其在塑造肿瘤微环境、改变宿主免疫反应和重编程癌症代谢方面的机制作用。我们讨论了特定微生物分类群对免疫治疗疗效的影响，包括它们与免疫检查点和促炎信号通路的相互作用。此外，我们评估了将微生物特征用于诊断和预后应用的现有证据，强调了它们在生物标志物发现和精准肿瘤学中的潜力。通过整合分子流行病学、多组学分析和临床前模型的研究结果，本综述提供了一个转化框架，以利用肿瘤内微生物群开发基于微生物群的新策略。这些策略可以改善治疗效果并有助于克服对免疫治疗的耐药性。
