Zhang Yibo, Liu Xilin, Wu Guangzhi
Department of Wound Repair, Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Department of Hand and Foot surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Jul 25;13:1648379. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1648379. eCollection 2025.
Melanoma is a highly malignant form of skin cancer, with its incidence and mortality rates continuously rising on a global scale. Although traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, as well as targeted and immunotherapy, have made certain progress, the efficacy of these therapeutic modalities remains limited due to the high metastatic potential, heterogeneity, and drug resistance of melanoma. In recent years, nanomaterials, with their unique physicochemical properties, have emerged as a significant research focus in tumor therapy. Nanomaterials can enhance the targeted delivery of drugs, increase drug accumulation in tumors, and reduce side effects, and they have shown great potential in the synergistic treatment of melanoma. This review summarizes the mechanistic breakthroughs of nanomaterials in the synergistic treatment of melanoma, including the combined application of nanocarriers in photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. It also explores how precise drug delivery can improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome tumor immune evasion and drug resistance. Furthermore, the challenges faced in the clinical translation of nanomaterial-based synergistic treatment are discussed, such as biosafety, delivery efficiency, and the need for personalized treatment. Despite these challenges, the continuous development of nanotechnology offers new hope for the comprehensive treatment of melanoma and lays the foundation for the realization of precision medicine in the future.
黑色素瘤是一种高度恶性的皮肤癌，其发病率和死亡率在全球范围内持续上升。尽管手术、化疗、放疗以及靶向治疗和免疫治疗等传统治疗方法已取得一定进展，但由于黑色素瘤具有高转移潜能、异质性和耐药性，这些治疗方式的疗效仍然有限。近年来，具有独特物理化学性质的纳米材料已成为肿瘤治疗领域的一个重要研究热点。纳米材料可以增强药物的靶向递送，增加肿瘤内的药物蓄积，并减少副作用，在黑色素瘤的协同治疗中显示出巨大潜力。本文综述了纳米材料在黑色素瘤协同治疗中的作用机制突破，包括纳米载体在光热治疗、光动力治疗和免疫治疗中的联合应用。还探讨了精准给药如何提高治疗效果并克服肿瘤免疫逃逸和耐药性。此外，还讨论了基于纳米材料的协同治疗在临床转化中面临的挑战，如生物安全性、递送效率以及个性化治疗的需求。尽管存在这些挑战，但纳米技术的不断发展为黑色素瘤的综合治疗带来了新希望，并为未来实现精准医学奠定了基础。
