Kakavas Georges, Forelli Florian, Demangeot Yoann, Korakakis Vasileios, Malliaropoulos Nikolaos, Maffulli Nicola
Fysiotek, Spine and Sports Lab, 11635 Athens, Greece.
Haute-Ecole Arc Santé, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Jul 30;15(15):1920. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15151920.
: Persistent neuromuscular deficits following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are frequently attributed to arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI). The type of autologous graft used may influence the trajectory of neuromuscular recovery. : To investigate the influence of graft type-bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB), hamstring tendon (HT), and quadriceps tendon (QT)-on the contractile properties of periarticular knee muscles over a 9-month post-operative period. : Each graft type would result in distinct recovery patterns of muscle contractility, as measured by tensiomyography (TMG). : Thirty-one patients undergoing ACLR with BPTB ( = 8), HT ( = 12), or QT ( = 11) autografts were evaluated at 3, 6, and 9 months post-operatively. TMG was used to measure contraction time (Tc) and maximal displacement (Dm) in the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris. : Significant within-group improvements in Tc and Dm were observed across all graft types from 3 to 9 months (Tc: < 0.001 to = 0.02; Dm: < 0.001 to = 0.01). The QT group showed the most pronounced Tc reduction in RF (from 30.16 ± 2.4 ms to 15.44 ± 1.6 ms, < 0.001) and VM (from 31.05 ± 2.6 ms to 18.65 ± 1.8 ms, = 0.004). In contrast, HT grafts demonstrated limited Tc recovery in BF between 6 and 9 months compared to BPTB and QT ( < 0.001), indicating a stagnation phase. BPTB exhibited persistent bilateral deficits in both quadriceps and BF at 9 months. : Autograft type significantly influences neuromuscular recovery patterns after ACLR. TMG enables objective, muscle-specific monitoring of contractile dynamics and may support future individualized rehabilitation strategies.
前交叉韧带重建术（ACLR）后持续存在的神经肌肉功能缺陷常归因于关节源性肌肉抑制（AMI）。所使用的自体移植物类型可能会影响神经肌肉恢复的进程。
为了研究移植物类型——骨-髌腱-骨（BPTB）、腘绳肌腱（HT）和股四头肌肌腱（QT）——对术后9个月内膝关节周围肌肉收缩特性的影响。
每种移植物类型都会导致肌肉收缩性出现不同的恢复模式，这通过张力肌电图（TMG）来测量。
31例行ACLR并分别使用BPTB（n = 8）、HT（n = 12）或QT（n = 11）自体移植物的患者在术后3、6和9个月接受评估。TMG用于测量股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌和股二头肌的收缩时间（Tc）和最大位移（Dm）。
从3个月到9个月，所有移植物类型组内的Tc和Dm均有显著改善（Tc：P < 0.001至P = 0.02；Dm：P < 0.001至P = 0.01）。QT组在股直肌（从30.16 ± 2.4毫秒降至15.44 ± 1.6毫秒，P < 0.001）和股内侧肌（从31.05 ± 2.6毫秒降至18.65 ± 1.8毫秒，P = 0.004）中Tc降低最为明显。相比之下，与BPTB和QT相比，HT移植物在6至9个月期间股二头肌的Tc恢复有限（P < 0.001），表明存在停滞阶段。9个月时，BPTB在股四头肌和股二头肌中均表现出持续的双侧缺陷。
自体移植物类型显著影响ACLR后的神经肌肉恢复模式。TMG能够对收缩动力学进行客观的肌肉特异性监测，并可能支持未来的个体化康复策略。
