Yang Yi-Chu, Chang Shih-Chang, Hung Chih-Sheng, Shen Ming-Hung, Lai Ching-Long, Huang Chi-Jung
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City 106438, Taiwan.
Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City 106438, Taiwan.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 30;17(15):2501. doi: 10.3390/nu17152501.
The human gut microbiota significantly influences host health through its metabolic products and interaction with immune, neural, and metabolic systems. Among these, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, play key roles in maintaining gut barrier integrity, modulating inflammation, and supporting metabolic regulation. Dysbiosis is increasingly linked to diverse conditions such as gastrointestinal, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Probiotics offer therapeutic potential by restoring microbial balance, enhancing epithelial defenses, and modulating immune responses. This review highlights the physiological functions of gut microbiota and SCFAs, with a particular focus on butyrate's anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects in CRC. It also examines emerging microbial therapies like probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and engineered microbes. Emphasis is placed on the need for precision microbiome medicine, tailored to individual host-microbiome interactions and metabolomic profiles. These insights underscore the promising role of gut microbiota modulation in advancing preventive and personalized healthcare.
人类肠道微生物群通过其代谢产物以及与免疫、神经和代谢系统的相互作用，对宿主健康产生显著影响。其中，短链脂肪酸（SCFAs），尤其是丁酸，在维持肠道屏障完整性、调节炎症和支持代谢调节方面发挥着关键作用。肠道微生物群失调与多种疾病的联系日益紧密，如胃肠道、代谢和神经精神疾病、心血管疾病以及结直肠癌（CRC）。益生菌通过恢复微生物平衡、增强上皮防御和调节免疫反应，具有治疗潜力。本综述重点介绍了肠道微生物群和短链脂肪酸的生理功能，特别关注丁酸在结直肠癌中的抗炎和抗癌作用。它还研究了新兴的微生物疗法，如益生菌、合生元、后生元及工程微生物。强调了精准微生物组医学的必要性，即根据个体宿主-微生物组相互作用和代谢组学特征进行定制。这些见解强调了肠道微生物群调节在推进预防和个性化医疗保健方面的重要作用。
