Vadan Iulia-Maria, Grad Diana, Strilciuc Stefan, Stefanescu Emanuel, Verisezan Rosu Olivia, Michalak Marcin, Blesneag Alina Vasilica, Muresanu Dafin
Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 22;14(15):5195. doi: 10.3390/jcm14155195.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) serving as a tool to measure injury severity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between GCS admission scores and various socio-demographic, clinical, injury-related, and hospital-related variables in patients with TBI across two tertiary care centers in Eastern Europe, a region that remains underrepresented in the literature. A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from 119 TBI patients admitted between March 2020 and June 2023 at Cluj County Emergency Hospital (Romania) and Saint Vincent Hospital (Poland). GCS scores were analyzed as both categorical and continuous variables. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests for group comparisons and Spearman correlations for continuous variables. Most patients included suffered a mild TBI (GCS score between 13 and 15). There were significant associations between GCS scores and post-traumatic amnesia ( < 0.05), discharge status ( < 0.01), discharge destination ( < 0.01), and education level ( < 0.01). GCS scores at admission were linked to survival, absence of post-traumatic amnesia, higher education levels, and home discharge. No significant differences observed across sex, residence, employment status, injury type, cause, or mechanism of injury. A weak but significant negative correlation was observed between GCS and length of hospital stay (rho = -0.229, > 0.05), while age showed a non-significant correlation. The GCS score at admission is significantly associated with various clinical and socio-demographic outcomes in TBI patients, supporting the utility of the GCS score as a prognostic tool. The predominance of mild cases and the absence of radiological data, such as cerebral contusions or epidural or subdural hematomas, limit the generalizability of the findings. Further studies with larger samples and comprehensive imaging data are necessary to validate these findings.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是全球发病的主要原因，格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）作为衡量损伤严重程度的工具。本研究旨在调查东欧两个三级医疗中心TBI患者的GCS入院评分与各种社会人口统计学、临床、损伤相关和医院相关变量之间的关系，该地区在文献中仍然代表性不足。使用2020年3月至2023年6月期间在克卢日县急诊医院（罗马尼亚）和圣文森特医院（波兰）收治的119例TBI患者的数据进行了一项回顾性观察研究。GCS评分作为分类变量和连续变量进行分析。统计分析包括用于组间比较的Wilcoxon和Kruskal-Wallis检验以及用于连续变量的Spearman相关性分析。大多数纳入的患者患有轻度TBI（GCS评分在13至15之间）。GCS评分与创伤后遗忘（<0.05）、出院状态（<0.01）、出院目的地（<0.01）和教育水平（<0.01）之间存在显著关联。入院时的GCS评分与生存、无创伤后遗忘、高等教育水平和家庭出院有关。在性别、居住地、就业状况、损伤类型、原因或损伤机制方面未观察到显著差异。GCS与住院时间之间观察到微弱但显著的负相关（rho = -0.229，>0.05），而年龄显示无显著相关性。入院时的GCS评分与TBI患者的各种临床和社会人口统计学结果显著相关，支持GCS评分作为预后工具的实用性。轻度病例的优势以及缺乏脑挫裂伤或硬膜外或硬膜下血肿等放射学数据限制了研究结果的普遍性。需要进一步进行更大样本和综合影像数据的研究来验证这些结果。
