Rosset Francois, Celoria Valentina, Delmonte Sergio, Mastorino Luca, Sciamarrelli Nadia, Boskovic Sara, Ribero Simone, Quaglino Pietro
School of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy.
Multidisciplinary Centre for Sexual Health (Ce.Mu.S.S.), Department of Prevention, ASL Città di Torino, 10149 Turin, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 28;14(15):5308. doi: 10.3390/jcm14155308.
Syphilis, a re-emerging global public health issue, has shown increasing incidence over the past decade, particularly among key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM), people living with HIV, and pregnant women. This narrative review aimed to synthesize global epidemiological trends of syphilis from 2015 to 2025, with a focus on surveillance gaps, regional disparities, and structural determinants. A broad narrative approach was used to collect and analyze epidemiological data from 2015 to 2025. The literature was retrieved from databases (PubMed, Scopus) and official reports from the WHO, CDC, and ECDC. Included materials span observational studies, surveillance reports, and modeling data relevant to global trends and public health responses. Globally, syphilis incidence has increased, with notable surges in North America, Europe, and Asia. MSM remain disproportionately affected, while congenital syphilis is resurging even in high-income countries. Low- and middle-income countries report persistent burdens, especially among women of reproductive age, often exacerbated by limited screening and surveillance infrastructure. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted syphilis-related services and further exacerbated underreporting, hindering timely detection and response efforts. Surveillance systems vary widely in their completeness and quality, which significantly hinders global data comparability and coordinated public health responses. Despite its curability, syphilis continues to spread due to fragmented prevention strategies, inequities in access to care, and insufficient surveillance. Strengthening diagnostic access, integrating prevention efforts into broader health systems, and addressing social determinants are essential. Improved surveillance, equitable access, and innovation-including diagnostics and potential vaccine research-are critical to controlling the global syphilis epidemic.
梅毒作为一个再度出现的全球公共卫生问题，在过去十年中发病率呈上升趋势，尤其是在男男性行为者、艾滋病毒感染者和孕妇等重点人群中。本叙述性综述旨在综合2015年至2025年梅毒的全球流行病学趋势，重点关注监测缺口、地区差异和结构性决定因素。采用广泛的叙述性方法收集和分析2015年至2025年的流行病学数据。文献检索自数据库（PubMed、Scopus）以及世界卫生组织、美国疾病控制与预防中心和欧洲疾病预防与控制中心的官方报告。纳入的资料涵盖与全球趋势和公共卫生应对相关的观察性研究、监测报告和建模数据。在全球范围内，梅毒发病率有所上升，北美、欧洲和亚洲出现显著激增。男男性行为者受影响的比例仍然过高，而即使在高收入国家，先天性梅毒也在卷土重来。低收入和中等收入国家报告称负担持续存在，尤其是在育龄妇女中，筛查和监测基础设施有限往往使情况更加恶化。2019冠状病毒病疫情扰乱了与梅毒相关的服务，并进一步加剧了漏报情况，阻碍了及时发现和应对工作。监测系统在完整性和质量方面差异很大，这严重妨碍了全球数据的可比性和协调一致的公共卫生应对措施。尽管梅毒可以治愈，但由于预防策略分散、获得护理的机会不平等以及监测不足，它仍在继续传播。加强诊断途径、将预防工作纳入更广泛的卫生系统以及解决社会决定因素至关重要。改善监测、公平获得服务以及创新（包括诊断和潜在疫苗研究）对于控制全球梅毒流行至关重要。
