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干涉合成孔径雷达技术与系统进展及中国合成孔径雷达任务的近期进展

Advances in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology and Systems and Recent Advances in Chinese SAR Missions.

作者信息

Zhang Qingjun, Fan Huangjiang, Qin Yuxiao, Zhou Yashi

机构信息

Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China.

School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jul 25;25(15):4616. doi: 10.3390/s25154616.

DOI:10.3390/s25154616
PMID:40807782
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12349396/
Abstract

With advancements in radar sensors, communications, and computer technologies, alongside an increasing number of ground observation tasks, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing is transitioning from being theory and technology-driven to being application-demand-driven. Since the late 1960s, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) theories and techniques have continued to develop. They have been applied significantly in various fields, such as in the generation of global topography maps, monitoring of ground deformation, marine observations, and disaster reduction efforts. This article classifies InSAR into repeated-pass interference and single-pass interference. Repeated-pass interference mainly includes D-InSAR, PS-InSAR and SBAS-InSAR. Single-pass interference mainly includes CT-InSAR and AT-InSAR. Recently, China has made significant progress in the field of SAR satellite development, successfully launching several satellites equipped with interferometric measurement capabilities. These advancements have driven the evolution of spaceborne InSAR systems from single-frequency to multi-frequency, from low Earth orbit to higher orbits, and from single-platform to multi-platform configurations. These advancements have supported high precision and high-temporal-resolution land observation, and promoted the broader application of InSAR technology in disaster early warning, ecological monitoring, and infrastructure safety.

摘要

随着雷达传感器、通信和计算机技术的进步，以及地面观测任务的不断增加，合成孔径雷达（SAR）遥感正从理论和技术驱动向应用需求驱动转变。自20世纪60年代末以来，干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）理论和技术不断发展。它们在全球地形图生成、地面变形监测、海洋观测和减灾等各个领域都有显著应用。本文将InSAR分为重复轨道干涉和单轨道干涉。重复轨道干涉主要包括差分干涉合成孔径雷达（D-InSAR）、永久散射体干涉测量（PS-InSAR）和小基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量（SBAS-InSAR）。单轨道干涉主要包括层析干涉合成孔径雷达（CT-InSAR）和全孔径干涉合成孔径雷达（AT-InSAR）。近年来，中国在SAR卫星发展领域取得了重大进展，成功发射了几颗具备干涉测量能力的卫星。这些进展推动了星载InSAR系统从单频向多频、从低地球轨道向更高轨道、从单平台向多平台配置的演进。这些进展支持了高精度和高时间分辨率的陆地观测，并促进了InSAR技术在灾害预警、生态监测和基础设施安全方面的更广泛应用。

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