霍奇金淋巴瘤:伴有噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症的不寻常表现

Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Unusual Presentation With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

作者信息

Ikuesan Taiwo, Fernandes Ella, Humayun Amal

机构信息

General Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Orpington, GBR.

出版信息

Cureus. 2025 Aug 13;17(8):e90007. doi: 10.7759/cureus.90007. eCollection 2025 Aug.

Abstract

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) can present with non-specific systemic symptoms, often mimicking infection, autoimmune disease, or post-surgical complications. When compounded by recent major surgery and ongoing inflammatory features, diagnosis can be significantly delayed. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of HL in a postoperative setting, complicated by recurrent sepsis-like presentations, persistently raised inflammatory markers, and overlapping differentials, including graft infection and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). A 71-year-old male underwent elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, complicated by significant intraoperative blood loss. He initially recovered but began presenting with recurrent fevers, abdominal pain, vomiting, and deranged liver function tests (LFTs). He underwent comprehensive imaging, which revealed peri-graft fluid collection on CT, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lymphadenopathy on PET/CT, and a mobile aortic valve structure on an echocardiogram, raising concerns for a graft infection, disseminated infection of unknown origin, and infective endocarditis, respectively. Despite multiple courses of intravenous antibiotics, he continued to have persistent fever spikes, and bicytopenia coupled with hyperferritinemia prompted consideration of HLH or malignancy. Further imaging, including a liver MRI and PET imaging, revealed multiple hyperintense hepatic foci and widespread nodal uptake. With clinical deterioration, the patient was empirically treated with anakinra and steroids for HLH with an unclear underlying driver, resulting in temporary improvement. Bone marrow biopsy ultimately confirmed a diagnosis of HL. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a broad differential when managing persistent systemic inflammation following surgery. HL should be considered when infection and autoimmune causes are excluded, especially in the presence of FDG-avid lymphadenopathy, cytopenias, and hyperferritinemia. Early hematology involvement and tissue diagnosis are key to avoiding delays in treatment.

摘要

霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)可表现为非特异性全身症状,常类似感染、自身免疫性疾病或术后并发症。当合并近期大手术及持续的炎症特征时,诊断可能会显著延迟。本病例凸显了术后环境中HL的诊断复杂性,其并发反复的败血症样表现、炎症标志物持续升高以及包括移植物感染和噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)在内的重叠鉴别诊断。一名71岁男性接受了择期腹主动脉瘤(AAA)修复术,术中出现大量失血。他最初恢复良好,但随后开始出现反复发热、腹痛、呕吐及肝功能检查(LFTs)异常。他接受了全面的影像学检查,CT显示移植物周围有液体积聚,PET/CT显示氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)摄取阳性的淋巴结病变,超声心动图显示主动脉瓣结构活动,分别提示移植物感染、不明来源的播散性感染和感染性心内膜炎。尽管接受了多疗程静脉抗生素治疗,他仍持续出现高热,双血细胞减少伴高铁蛋白血症促使考虑HLH或恶性肿瘤。进一步的影像学检查,包括肝脏MRI和PET成像,显示肝脏有多个高信号灶及广泛的淋巴结摄取。随着临床病情恶化,该患者因潜在病因不明的HLH接受了阿那白滞素和类固醇的经验性治疗,病情暂时改善。骨髓活检最终确诊为HL。本病例强调了在处理术后持续的全身炎症时保持广泛鉴别诊断的重要性。当排除感染和自身免疫性病因时,尤其是存在FDG摄取阳性的淋巴结病变、血细胞减少和高铁蛋白血症时,应考虑HL。早期血液科介入和组织诊断是避免治疗延误的关键。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0b20/12349747/a3ff2bd703e0/cureus-0017-00000090007-i01.jpg

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