Neuman V, Maratova K, Plachy L, Drnkova L, Pruhova S, Kolouskova S, Obermannova B, Amaratunga S A, Kulich M, Havlik J, Cinek O, Sumnik Z
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.
Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2025 Aug 22. doi: 10.1038/s41430-025-01658-2.
We investigated whether a short period of tightly controlled low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) leads to a change in body weight, body composition, and muscle strength in children and young people with diabetes (CYPwD).
Thirty-five CYPwD were recruited into this randomized controlled cross-over study (20 female; age 14.5 ± 2.9 years). The interventions were five and five weeks of ready-made food box deliveries of isocaloric diets in random order: either LCD (94.5 ± 4.7 g/day) or recommended carbohydrate diet (RCD) (191 ± 19.2 g/day). The outcomes were body weight and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDS), body fat percentage assessed by bioimpedance and muscle strength assessed by jumping mechanography at the end of each dietary intervention. The Welch two-sample t-tests were used to determine the difference in outcomes.
At the end of the LCD period, the participants had significantly lower body weight and BMI SDS than at the end of the RCD period (61.7 kg vs. 62.6 kg, P < 0.001, and 22.3 kg/m vs. 22.7 kg/m, P < 0.001) and (0.84 SD vs. 0.94 SD, P < 0.001, and 0.81 SD vs. 0.91 SD, P < 0.001). The body fat percentage was lower at the end of the LCD period (24.5% vs. 25.3%, P = 0.001). Dynamic muscle functions did not differ significantly at the end of the intervention periods.
We demonstrated that a short-term low-carbohydrate diet is able to decrease body weight, BMI, and decrease the percentage of body fat in CYPwD without negatively affecting their muscle function.
我们研究了短期内严格控制的低碳水化合物饮食（LCD）是否会导致糖尿病儿童和青少年（CYPwD）的体重、身体成分和肌肉力量发生变化。
35名CYPwD被纳入这项随机对照交叉研究（20名女性；年龄14.5±2.9岁）。干预措施为按随机顺序提供为期五周的等热量饮食即食食品盒：要么是LCD（94.5±4.7克/天），要么是推荐的碳水化合物饮食（RCD）（191±19.2克/天）。结局指标为每次饮食干预结束时的体重和体重指数（BMI）标准差评分（SDS）、通过生物电阻抗评估的体脂百分比以及通过跳跃力学测定法评估的肌肉力量。采用韦尔奇两样本t检验来确定结局指标的差异。
在LCD期结束时，参与者的体重和BMI SDS显著低于RCD期结束时（61.7千克对62.6千克，P<0.001，以及22.3千克/平方米对22.7千克/平方米，P<0.001）和（0.84标准差对0.94标准差，P<0.001，以及0.81标准差对0.91标准差，P<0.001）。LCD期结束时体脂百分比更低（24.5%对25.3%，P=0.001）。干预期结束时动态肌肉功能无显著差异。
我们证明了短期低碳水化合物饮食能够降低CYPwD的体重、BMI，并降低体脂百分比，且不会对其肌肉功能产生负面影响。
