Thrul Johannes, Nordeck Courtney D, Devkota Janardan, Mun Chung Jung, Dunn Kelly E, Bergeria Cecilia L, Zipunnikov Vadim, Vandrey Ryan, Finan Patrick H
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg school of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Drugs (Abingdon Engl). 2025 Jun;32(3):243-253. doi: 10.1080/09687637.2024.2331572. Epub 2024 Apr 2.
The assessment of drug craving is common in survey studies, including those using real-time data collection methods, such as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). However, few studies investigate how participants with chronic pain interpret the word 'craving' and how interpretations impact survey responses.
We conducted a mixed-methods study among 12 individuals with chronic pain who were using prescription opioids and cannabis. Participants completed baseline surveys, cognitive interviews, and 14-day smartphone-based EMA data collection. Analyses included deductive and inductive coding of interviews and t-tests of EMA self-reports of opioid and cannabis craving.
Four participants had negative reactions to the word 'craving', including mentions that these questions offended them. The remaining eight participants mentioned no negative connotation. EMA data showed that participants without negative reactions reported a greater range (opioids), higher standard deviation (opioids), and higher maximum (opioids, cannabis) on Likert-type EMA craving items, compared to those with a negative reaction.
Some individuals with chronic pain may have a negative reaction to the word 'craving' related to opioid and cannabis use and this reaction may impact survey responses. Alternative wording of survey items is recommended, for example focused on 'wanting' or 'needing'.
在调查研究中，包括那些使用实时数据收集方法（如生态瞬时评估[EMA]）的研究，对药物渴望的评估很常见。然而，很少有研究调查慢性疼痛患者如何理解“渴望”一词，以及这种理解如何影响调查反应。
我们对12名正在使用处方阿片类药物和大麻的慢性疼痛患者进行了一项混合方法研究。参与者完成了基线调查、认知访谈以及基于智能手机的为期14天的EMA数据收集。分析包括对访谈进行演绎和归纳编码，以及对EMA中关于阿片类药物和大麻渴望的自我报告进行t检验。
四名参与者对“渴望”一词有负面反应，包括提到这些问题冒犯了他们。其余八名参与者未提及负面含义。EMA数据显示，与有负面反应的参与者相比，没有负面反应的参与者在利克特式EMA渴望项目上报告的范围更大（阿片类药物）、标准差更高（阿片类药物）以及最大值更高（阿片类药物、大麻）。
一些慢性疼痛患者可能对与阿片类药物和大麻使用相关的“渴望”一词有负面反应，并且这种反应可能影响调查反应。建议对调查项目采用替代措辞，例如侧重于“想要”或“需要”。
