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基于点击化学的1,2,3-三唑多模态抗菌剂的策略性设计以减轻抗菌药物耐药性

Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance through Strategic Design of Multimodal Antibacterial Agents Based on 1,2,3-Triazole with Click Chemistry.

作者信息

Chathangad Shabin N, Vijayan Vishnu N, George Jissy Anna, Sadhukhan Sushabhan

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678 623, India.

Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678 623, India.

出版信息

ACS Bio Med Chem Au. 2025 Mar 17;5(4):486-504. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.4c00132. eCollection 2025 Aug 20.

Abstract

Drug-resistant bacterial infections impose a major threat to human health, as current antibiotic treatments are becoming increasingly ineffective. Priority has been given to the development of alternative medications to curb the development of resistance or agents that can work on the resistance strains. Among various promising approaches, 1,2,3-triazole-based molecular hybrids have emerged as excellent candidates owing to their ease of synthesis, high structural diversity, functional tunability, and biocompatibility. The rapid advancement of biological understanding of 1,2,3-triazole has been greatly aided by the discovery of the Click reaction. Drugs with a single molecular target often fail to kill the bacteria effectively, and even if they do, the bacteria eventually become resistant by virtue of mutations or other mechanisms. In this context, the 1,2,3-triazole group has been explored to design novel molecular hybrids to combat antimicrobial resistance in an effective manner. Different types of 1,2,3-triazole-based hybrids have been developed that have shown inhibitory effects on critical bacterial enzymes, the ability to produce intracellular reactive oxygen species, and the ability to disrupt the cell membrane. Herein, we discuss the strategic design principles of triazole-based hybrids, their antibacterial potential, especially focusing on the drug resistance issue, and future perspectives to critically assess their potential for multitargeting antibacterial agents. The presented information can lead to the development of novel multifaceted antibacterial agents in the future by means of their unique chemical features to address the growing challenge of drug resistance.

摘要

耐药细菌感染对人类健康构成重大威胁,因为目前的抗生素治疗正变得越来越无效。人们已将重点放在开发替代药物以抑制耐药性的发展或开发可作用于耐药菌株的药物上。在各种有前景的方法中,基于1,2,3-三唑的分子杂化物因其易于合成、高度的结构多样性、功能可调性和生物相容性而成为优秀的候选物。点击反应的发现极大地促进了对1,2,3-三唑生物学认识的快速进展。具有单一分子靶点的药物往往无法有效杀死细菌,即使它们能做到,细菌最终也会通过突变或其他机制产生耐药性。在这种背景下,人们已探索1,2,3-三唑基团来设计新型分子杂化物,以有效对抗抗菌耐药性。已开发出不同类型的基于1,2,3-三唑的杂化物,它们对关键细菌酶表现出抑制作用、具有产生细胞内活性氧的能力以及破坏细胞膜的能力。在此,我们讨论基于三唑的杂化物的战略设计原则、它们的抗菌潜力,尤其关注耐药性问题,以及未来展望,以批判性地评估它们作为多靶点抗菌剂的潜力。所提供的信息可通过其独特的化学特性,在未来促成新型多方面抗菌剂的开发,以应对日益严峻的耐药性挑战。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a5a4/12371489/59b1a38319b0/bg4c00132_0001.jpg

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