用于通过双重抑制线粒体自噬和Nrf2途径增强癌症声动力免疫治疗的还原响应性RNAi纳米平台。
Reduction-responsive RNAi nanoplatform for enhanced cancer sonoimmunotherapy via dual inhibition of mitophagy and Nrf2 pathways.
作者信息
Fang Junyue, Xu Rui, Cao Yuan, Zhao Zixuan, Li Weifan, Lin Li, Hou Jingyi, Xu Xiaoding, Saw Phei Er
机构信息
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China.
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China.
出版信息
Theranostics. 2025 Jul 11;15(16):7973-7989. doi: 10.7150/thno.112649. eCollection 2025.
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive modality with deeper tissue penetration than photodynamic or chemodynamic therapies. However, its therapeutic efficacy remains limited due to inadequate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, largely attributed to tumor-intrinsic antioxidant systems and mitophagy. Existing combinations of SDT with immunotherapy are primarily additive and fail to address the mechanistic interplay between ROS suppression and immune evasion. To overcome these limitations, we developed a redox-responsive RNA interference (RNAi) nanoplatform (NP) for the co-delivery of Nrf2 siRNA, the mitophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), and the sonosensitizer purpurin-18 (P-18). This NP enables tumor-specific release in high-glutathione environments and facilitates dual-pathway inhibition upon ultrasound activation. This synergistic platform simultaneously disrupted Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defenses and mitophagy-dependent mitochondrial clearance, resulting in enhanced intracellular ROS accumulation. Elevated ROS levels triggered immunogenic cell death (ICD), promoting dendritic cells maturation and antigen presentation. Concurrently, 3-MA inhibited NF-κB signaling, downregulating PD-L1 expression and mitigating T cell exhaustion. In murine breast cancer models, this dual-action approach elicited robust CD8⁺ T cell responses and significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis. This study introduces a mechanistically integrated sonoimmunotherapeutic strategy that concurrently overcomes ROS suppression and immune checkpoint resistance. By orchestrating redox disruption and immune reprogramming, our nanoplatform provides a compelling framework for next-generation SDT-based immunotherapy.
声动力疗法(SDT)已成为一种有前景的非侵入性治疗方式,其组织穿透深度比光动力疗法或化学动力疗法更深。然而,由于活性氧(ROS)生成不足,其治疗效果仍然有限,这在很大程度上归因于肿瘤内在的抗氧化系统和线粒体自噬。现有的SDT与免疫疗法的联合主要是相加作用,未能解决ROS抑制与免疫逃逸之间的机制相互作用。为了克服这些局限性,我们开发了一种氧化还原响应性RNA干扰(RNAi)纳米平台(NP),用于共递送Nrf2小干扰RNA(siRNA)、线粒体自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)和声敏剂紫红素-18(P-18)。该NP能够在高谷胱甘肽环境中实现肿瘤特异性释放,并在超声激活后促进双途径抑制。这种协同平台同时破坏了Nrf2介导的抗氧化防御和线粒体自噬依赖性线粒体清除,导致细胞内ROS积累增加。升高的ROS水平引发免疫原性细胞死亡(ICD),促进树突状细胞成熟和抗原呈递。同时,3-MA抑制NF-κB信号传导,下调PD-L1表达并减轻T细胞耗竭。在小鼠乳腺癌模型中,这种双作用方法引发了强大的CD8⁺ T细胞反应,并显著抑制了肿瘤生长和转移。本研究介绍了一种机制整合的声免疫治疗策略,该策略同时克服了ROS抑制和免疫检查点抗性。通过协调氧化还原破坏和免疫重编程,我们的纳米平台为下一代基于SDT的免疫治疗提供了一个引人注目的框架。