Šantić Roko, Pavlović Nikola, Kumrić Marko, Vilović Marino, Božić Joško
Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Biomedicines. 2025 Jul 31;13(8):1864. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13081864.
This review introduces a novel integrative framework linking gut dysbiosis, systemic inflammation, and cardiovascular risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We highlight emerging biomarkers, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), calprotectin, and zonulin, that reflect alterations in the gut microbiome and increased intestinal permeability, which contribute to cardiovascular pathology. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and recent evidence identifies IBD, encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), as a significant non-traditional risk factor for CVD. This review synthesizes current knowledge on how dysbiosis-driven inflammation in IBD patients exacerbates endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and atherosclerosis, even in the absence of traditional risk factors. Additionally, we discuss how commonly used IBD therapies may modulate cardiovascular risk. Understanding these multifactorial mechanisms and validating reliable biomarkers are essential for improving cardiovascular risk stratification and guiding targeted prevention strategies in this vulnerable population.
本综述介绍了一种将炎症性肠病(IBD)患者的肠道菌群失调、全身炎症和心血管风险联系起来的新型综合框架。我们重点介绍了新兴的生物标志物,包括短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)、钙卫蛋白和闭合蛋白,它们反映了肠道微生物群的改变和肠道通透性增加,这有助于心血管疾病的发生发展。心血管疾病(CVD)仍然是全球发病和死亡的主要原因,最近的证据表明,包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)在内的IBD是CVD的一个重要非传统风险因素。本综述综合了当前关于IBD患者中由菌群失调驱动的炎症如何加剧内皮功能障碍、高凝状态和动脉粥样硬化的知识,即使在没有传统风险因素的情况下也是如此。此外,我们还讨论了常用的IBD治疗方法可能如何调节心血管风险。了解这些多因素机制并验证可靠的生物标志物对于改善这一脆弱人群的心血管风险分层和指导有针对性的预防策略至关重要。
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