Zhang Kai, Zhao Liyang, Li Yanfeng
Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China.
Genes (Basel). 2025 Aug 13;16(8):955. doi: 10.3390/genes16080955.
: L. exhibits diverse varietal traits influencing fruit quality and stress tolerance. The summer black grape (Xiahei), known for its superior tolerance to abiotic stress and intense pigmentation, was hypothesized to possess distinct metabolic and genetic profiles, particularly in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic and molecular basis underlying these phenotypic traits by comparing carbohydrate composition and metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of four grape varieties (summer black, flame seedless, black grape, and red milk). Grapes were consistently sampled five days after full maturity, and metabolites were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS, while transcriptome analysis employed RNA sequencing followed by qRT-PCR validation. The results demonstrated that carbohydrate content was similar among all grape varieties, whereas the summer black grape showed significantly higher levels of flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins such as delphinidin-3--glucoside, cyanidin-3--glucoside, and pelargonidin-3--glucoside. Metabolomic analyses revealed substantial enrichment of metabolites involved in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, in agreement with transcriptomic data showing significant upregulation of key regulatory genes (CHS, DFR, and ANS) specific to anthocyanin biosynthesis. These findings suggest that the pronounced anthocyanin accumulation in summer black grape contributes to its distinctive dark pigmentation and enhanced resistance to abiotic stresses compared to other varieties. This study provides novel insights into the molecular and metabolic mechanisms driving anthocyanin accumulation in summer black grapes, which could inform future breeding programs aimed at improving grape resilience.
L.表现出影响果实品质和胁迫耐受性的多种品种特性。夏黑葡萄以其对非生物胁迫的卓越耐受性和浓郁的色素沉着而闻名，据推测具有独特的代谢和遗传特征，特别是在黄酮类化合物和花青素生物合成方面。本研究旨在通过比较四个葡萄品种（夏黑、无核火焰、黑葡萄和红乳）的碳水化合物组成、代谢组和转录组图谱，阐明这些表型特征背后的代谢和分子基础。葡萄在完全成熟后五天持续采样，代谢物使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）和气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）进行分析，而转录组分析采用RNA测序，随后进行qRT-PCR验证。结果表明，所有葡萄品种的碳水化合物含量相似，而夏黑葡萄的黄酮类化合物水平显著更高，尤其是花青素，如飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷。代谢组学分析揭示了参与黄酮类生物合成途径的代谢物大量富集，这与转录组数据一致，转录组数据显示花青素生物合成特异性关键调控基因（CHS、DFR和ANS）显著上调。这些发现表明，与其他品种相比，夏黑葡萄中显著的花青素积累有助于其独特的深色色素沉着和增强的非生物胁迫抗性。本研究为驱动夏黑葡萄花青素积累的分子和代谢机制提供了新的见解，这可为未来旨在提高葡萄抗逆性的育种计划提供参考。
