Ramos-Cela Miguel, Forconi Vittoria, Antonelli Roberta, Manenti Alessandro, Montomoli Emanuele
Vismederi Research s.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy.
Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2025 Jul 31;13(8):1785. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13081785.
Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic human RNA viruses from probable zoonotic origin have highlighted the relevance of epidemic preparedness as a society. However, research in vaccinology and virology, as well as epidemiologic surveillance, is often constrained by the biological risk that live virus experimentation entails. These also involve expensive costs, time-consuming procedures, and advanced personnel expertise, hampering market access for many drugs. Most of these drawbacks can be circumvented with the use of pseudotyped viruses, which are surrogate, non-pathogenic recombinant viral particles bearing the surface envelope protein of a virus of interest. Pseudotyped viruses significantly expand the research potential in virology, enabling the study of non-culturable or highly infectious pathogens in a safer environment. Most are derived from lentiviral vectors, which confer a series of advantages due to their superior efficiency. During the past decade, many studies employing pseudotyped viruses have evaluated the efficacy of vaccines or monoclonal antibodies for relevant pathogens such as , , virus, or . In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the applications of pseudotyped viruses when evaluating the neutralization capacity of exposed individuals, or candidate vaccines and antivirals in both preclinical models and clinical trials, to further help develop effective countermeasures against emerging neutralization-escape phenotypes.
近期源自人畜共患病原体的高致病性人类RNA病毒爆发，凸显了全社会做好疫情防范的重要性。然而，疫苗学、病毒学研究以及流行病学监测常常受到活病毒实验所带来的生物风险的限制。这些研究还涉及高昂成本、耗时的程序以及先进的人员专业知识，阻碍了许多药物进入市场。使用假型病毒可以规避这些缺点中的大部分，假型病毒是携带感兴趣病毒表面包膜蛋白的替代、无致病性的重组病毒颗粒。假型病毒显著拓展了病毒学的研究潜力，能够在更安全的环境中研究不可培养或高传染性病原体。大多数假型病毒源自慢病毒载体，因其高效性而具有一系列优势。在过去十年中，许多使用假型病毒的研究评估了针对相关病原体（如 、 、 病毒或 ）的疫苗或单克隆抗体的疗效。在本综述中，我们旨在概述假型病毒在评估暴露个体的中和能力，或在临床前模型和临床试验中评估候选疫苗及抗病毒药物时的应用，以进一步助力开发针对新出现的中和逃逸表型的有效应对措施。
