Harrison Kelly S, Jones Clinton
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Pathogens. 2025 Aug 20;14(8):823. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080823.
Acute human alpha-herpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) infection culminates in a latent infection of neurons in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and the central nervous system. Following infection of mucosal epithelial cells, certain neurons survive infection and life-long latency is established. Periodically, stressful stimuli trigger reactivation from latency, which result in virus shedding, transmission to other people, and, occasionally, recurrent disease. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) comprise a feed-forward transcriptional loop that cooperatively transactivate key HSV-1 promoters that drive expression of infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), ICP4, and ICP27. Silencing KLF15 significantly reduces HSV-1 replication in cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells. Consequently, we hypothesized that KLF15 mediates certain aspects of reactivation from latency. To test this hypothesis, we compared HSV-1 replication in KLF15 mice versus wild-type (wt) parental C57BL/6 mice. Virus shedding during acute infection was reduced in KLF15 mice. Male KLF15 mice shed higher titers of virus during late stages of reactivation from latency compared to KLF15 females and wt mice regardless of sex. At 15 d after explant-induced reactivation, virus shedding was higher in male KLF15 mice relative to wt mice and female KLF15 mice. These studies confirm KLF15 expression enhances viral replication during acute infection and reactivation from latency.
人类急性α-疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)感染最终导致三叉神经节(TG)和中枢神经系统神经元的潜伏感染。黏膜上皮细胞感染后,某些神经元在感染中存活下来并建立终生潜伏状态。周期性地,应激刺激会触发潜伏病毒的重新激活,导致病毒脱落、传播给其他人,偶尔还会引发复发性疾病。糖皮质激素受体(GR)和Krüppel样因子15(KLF15)构成一个前馈转录环,协同反式激活驱动感染细胞蛋白0(ICP0)、ICP4和ICP27表达的关键HSV-1启动子。沉默KLF15可显著降低培养的小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞中HSV-1的复制。因此,我们假设KLF15介导潜伏病毒重新激活的某些方面。为了验证这一假设,我们比较了KLF15基因敲除小鼠与野生型(wt)亲本C57BL/6小鼠中HSV-1的复制情况。KLF15基因敲除小鼠在急性感染期间的病毒脱落减少。与KLF15基因敲除雌性小鼠和野生型小鼠(无论性别)相比,雄性KLF15基因敲除小鼠在潜伏病毒重新激活后期排出的病毒滴度更高。在外植体诱导重新激活后15天,雄性KLF15基因敲除小鼠的病毒脱落相对于野生型小鼠和雌性KLF15基因敲除小鼠更高。这些研究证实KLF15的表达在急性感染和潜伏病毒重新激活期间增强了病毒复制。