低投入快速导入(LIFT):一种将(R-)基因快速导入并整合到苹果优良选系中的方法。
Low input fast-track (LIFT): an approach for fast introgression and stacking of (R-)genes into advanced apple selections.
作者信息
Bühlmann-Schütz Simone, Hodel Marius, Howard Nicholas P, Lussi Luzia, Patocchi Andrea
机构信息
Agroscope, Research Division Plant Breeding, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820, Waedenswil, Switzerland.
FRESH-FORWARD, Wielseweg 38a, 4024 BK, Eck en Weil, Netherlands.
出版信息
Planta. 2025 Sep 2;262(4):93. doi: 10.1007/s00425-025-04780-4.
Using the "LIFT" method can halve generation time to two years, thereby reducing the breeding cycle by 50%, and accelerate the development of disease-resistant apple cultivars for sustainable production. Good sources of resistance to pests and pathogens are often found in wild relatives or ornamental apples, which are mainly small-fruited and poor-tasting. Introgressing these resistance genes via classical breeding into new apple cultivars with good tree and fruit qualities requires a series of four to five pseudo-backcrosses, which takes at least 25 years. This study aimed to develop a low-input protocol to shorten the time between generations and thereby substantially reduce the timeline for the development of cultivars with introgressed resistance. The "LIFT" method combined forced growth of seedlings carrying the fire blight resistance genes from 'Evereste' or from Malus × robusta 5 in a standard greenhouse with artificial vernalization periods in a cold room. This allowed flower induction in about 20% of the seedlings as early as after the second vernalization period, i.e., about two years after sowing. The fire blight resistance, the increase in single fruit weight, and the reduction of the unadapted part of the genome derived from 'Evereste' or Malus × robusta 5 were monitored across generations. No erosion of the resistance was observed, but there was an increase in single fruit weight and a progressive reduction of the unadapted genome. Therefore, the developed protocol proved to be efficient and reliable and can be applied with or without molecular markers to introduce or combine traits from wild apple relative into advanced pre-breeding selections. These pre-breeding selections are urgently needed to develop new apple cultivars with broad disease resistance, ensuring long-term sustainable apple fruit production.
采用“LIFT”方法可将世代时间减半至两年,从而使育种周期缩短50%,并加速抗病苹果品种的培育以实现可持续生产。对害虫和病原体的良好抗性来源通常存在于野生近缘种或观赏苹果中,这些苹果主要果实较小且口感不佳。通过传统育种将这些抗性基因导入具有良好树型和果实品质的新苹果品种中需要进行一系列四到五次的假回交,这至少需要25年。本研究旨在开发一种低投入方案,以缩短世代间隔,从而大幅减少导入抗性品种的培育时间线。“LIFT”方法将携带来自‘Evereste’或苹果×健壮5号的火疫病抗性基因的幼苗在标准温室中强制生长与在冷藏室中进行人工春化处理相结合。这使得早在第二次春化处理后,即播种后约两年,约20%的幼苗就能诱导开花。在各代中监测火疫病抗性、单果重的增加以及源自‘Evereste’或苹果×健壮5号的基因组未适应部分的减少情况。未观察到抗性的减弱,但单果重有所增加,未适应基因组也逐渐减少。因此,所开发的方案被证明是高效且可靠的,无论有无分子标记均可应用,以将野生苹果近缘种的性状引入或整合到先进的预育种选择中。为了培育具有广泛抗病性的新苹果品种以确保苹果果实的长期可持续生产,迫切需要这些预育种选择。