Saveliev Gabriel Marian, Varlas Valentin Nicolae, Piron-Dumitrascu Madalina, Suciu Nicolae
Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
J Med Life. 2025 Jul;18(7):604-607. doi: 10.25122/jml-2025-0099.
Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women globally, despite being largely preventable through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and regular screening. While many European countries have made significant progress in reducing incidence and mortality, Romania continues to report the highest rates within the European Union. This narrative review synthesized data from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar to evaluate cervical cancer screening policies across Europe, with a particular focus on Romania. The review included studies on HPV vaccination, cytology- and HPV-based screening, national program implementation, and public health strategies. Countries with organized, population-based screening programs and high HPV vaccine coverage, such as the Netherlands, Finland, and the UK, demonstrate lower incidence and mortality. In contrast, Romania faces persistent systemic barriers: limited public awareness, insufficient infrastructure, low screening participation (<20%), and suboptimal HPV vaccine uptake. Efforts to align national policies with WHO and EU cancer control strategies remain fragmented. Romania illustrates the deep disparities in cervical cancer prevention within Europe. Strategic reforms, including transitioning to HPV-based screening, expanding access to vaccination, enabling self-sampling, and enhancing public education, are critical. Integration into broader EU frameworks such as Europe's Beating Cancer Plan may accelerate progress. While the tools for cervical cancer prevention are well established, Romania's case underscores the need for systemic, context-specific interventions to reduce disease burden and promote equity across Europe.
宫颈癌仍然是全球女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一，尽管通过人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗接种和定期筛查在很大程度上可以预防。虽然许多欧洲国家在降低发病率和死亡率方面取得了重大进展，但罗马尼亚在欧盟内的发病率和死亡率仍居首位。本叙述性综述综合了来自PubMed、科学网、Embase和谷歌学术的数据，以评估欧洲各地的宫颈癌筛查政策，特别关注罗马尼亚。该综述包括关于HPV疫苗接种、基于细胞学和HPV的筛查、国家项目实施以及公共卫生策略的研究。拥有有组织的、基于人群的筛查项目和高HPV疫苗接种率的国家，如荷兰、芬兰和英国，其发病率和死亡率较低。相比之下，罗马尼亚面临持续的系统性障碍：公众意识有限、基础设施不足、筛查参与率低（<20%）以及HPV疫苗接种率不理想。使国家政策与世界卫生组织和欧盟癌症控制战略保持一致的努力仍然分散。罗马尼亚说明了欧洲在宫颈癌预防方面存在的巨大差距。战略改革，包括向基于HPV的筛查过渡、扩大疫苗接种机会、实现自我采样以及加强公众教育，至关重要。融入更广泛的欧盟框架，如欧洲的“战胜癌症计划”，可能会加速进展。虽然宫颈癌预防工具已很成熟，但罗马尼亚的情况凸显了需要采取系统性的、因地制宜的干预措施，以减轻疾病负担并在欧洲促进公平。
