Dementia and cataracts are two leading causes of disability among the elderly population throughout the world. The relationship between both pathologies remains underrecognized. This paper explores the emerging evidence linking cataracts to cognitive decline and dementia, proposing that visual impairment may contribute to neurodegeneration. Popular hypotheses supporting these claims include circadian rhythm disruption, sensory deprivation, reduced social engagement, and increased cognitive load. Epidemiological data supports the co-prevalence of cataracts and dementia. Patients undergoing cataract removal have shown improved performance on cognitive assessments, suggesting that vision correction may enhance neural efficiency and quality of life; moreover, interventional studies demonstrate that cataract surgery not only improves visual impairment but may also slow cognitive deterioration. This paper also elucidates the clinical and public health implications of the integration of vision care into cognitive health strategies. The global dementia burden is projected to rise sharply in the coming decades; we propose that early intervention through cataract surgery may offer a cost-effective method to preserve cognitive function. Ultimately, identifying and treating visual impairment may serve as a crucial step toward delaying the progression of dementing illnesses.