Tercan Hülya, Bayhan Pınar
Child Development Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Brain Behav. 2025 Sep;15(9):e70830. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70830.
The study aims to assess familial and environmental characteristics and daily routines (nutrition, sleep, and screen time) associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Turkish children and compare them with typically developing peers.
A case-control study was conducted with 106 ADHD-diagnosed children and 100 typically developing peers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to determine risk factors for ADHD. Descriptive analyses summarized data, and logistic regression estimated ADHD associations between ADHD status and familial environmental factors.
Lower parental education and employment rates, alongside increased screen time and unhealthy dietary habits, were associated with ADHD risk. Rates of hyperactivity and impulsivity were higher in parents of ADHD-diagnosed children than in the control group (p < 0.01). Additionally, ADHD children had significantly higher screen time, snack, and sugar consumption compared to controls (all p < 0.001).
These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of ADHD risk, emphasizing the interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and modifiable lifestyle factors. Integrating family-based interventions and targeted public health strategies may be crucial in addressing these associated factors and supporting developmental outcomes for children with ADHD.
本研究旨在评估与土耳其儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）相关的家庭和环境特征以及日常习惯（营养、睡眠和屏幕使用时间），并将其与发育正常的同龄人进行比较。
对106名被诊断为ADHD的儿童和100名发育正常的同龄人进行了病例对照研究。使用描述性统计和逻辑回归模型分析数据，以确定ADHD的风险因素。描述性分析汇总数据，逻辑回归估计ADHD状态与家庭环境因素之间的ADHD关联。
父母教育程度和就业率较低，以及屏幕使用时间增加和不健康的饮食习惯，都与ADHD风险相关。被诊断为ADHD的儿童的父母的多动和冲动率高于对照组（p < 0.01）。此外，与对照组相比，ADHD儿童的屏幕使用时间、零食和糖分摄入量显著更高（所有p < 0.001）。
这些发现突出了ADHD风险的多方面性质，强调了遗传易感性、环境影响和可改变的生活方式因素之间的相互作用。整合基于家庭的干预措施和有针对性的公共卫生策略对于解决这些相关因素和支持ADHD儿童的发育结果可能至关重要。
