Yu Shanshan, Zhang Hongwei, Du Jianling, Sun Guang
Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
Front Nutr. 2025 Aug 26;12:1615462. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1615462. eCollection 2025.
Emerging evidence highlights the role of selenium (Se) in glucose metabolism through selenoprotein-mediated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. However, population-specific data remains inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary Se intake and prediabetes prevalence in Newfoundland, a population characterized by genetic homogeneity and high obesity rates (39.4%).
This cross-sectional study used data from 2,665 participants in the Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics (CODING) study. Prediabetes was defined by the American Diabetes Association criteria for impaired fasting glucose (FPG: 5.6-6.9 mmol/L). Dietary Se intake was assessed using the Willett food frequency questionnaire and expressed as both absolute (μg/d) and body weight-adjusted (μg/kg/d) metrics. Multivariate logistic regression, generalized additive model regression, piecewise regression models, and subgroup stratification were employed to examine the association.
The study revealed a significant inverse relationship between body weight-adjusted dietary Se intake (μg/kg/d) and prediabetes prevalence in the fully adjusted models, with a non-linear threshold effect observed at 1.42 μg/kg/d. Below this threshold, each 1-unit increase in dietary Se intake (μg/kg/d) reduced prediabetes risk by 69% (OR = 0.31, < 0.001). However, such an association did not reach statistical significance beyond 1.42 μg/kg/d. Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent inverse associations across age groups, family history of diabetes, and history of smoking. However, the association was statistically significant in females (OR = 0.10, < 0.001) but not in males. Absolute dietary Se intake (μg/d) showed no significant correlation with prediabetes after adjustment.
Weight-adjusted dietary Se intake (μg/kg/d) exhibits an inverse non-linear, threshold-dependent relationship with prediabetes risk in this high-risk population. The findings underscore the critical importance of body weight normalization in assessing Se's metabolic effects and formulating Se guidelines.
新出现的证据凸显了硒（Se）通过硒蛋白介导的抗氧化和抗炎途径在葡萄糖代谢中的作用。然而，特定人群的数据仍然没有定论。本研究旨在调查纽芬兰地区饮食硒摄入量与糖尿病前期患病率之间的关联，该地区人群具有基因同质性和高肥胖率（39.4%）。
这项横断面研究使用了来自纽芬兰人群复杂疾病：环境与遗传学（CODING）研究中2665名参与者的数据。糖尿病前期根据美国糖尿病协会空腹血糖受损标准（FPG：5.6 - 6.9毫摩尔/升）定义。饮食硒摄入量通过威尔特食物频率问卷进行评估，并以绝对量（微克/天）和体重校正量（微克/千克/天）两种指标表示。采用多变量逻辑回归、广义相加模型回归、分段回归模型和亚组分层来检验这种关联。
研究显示，在完全调整模型中，体重校正后的饮食硒摄入量（微克/千克/天）与糖尿病前期患病率之间存在显著的负相关关系，在1.42微克/千克/天时观察到非线性阈值效应。低于此阈值时，饮食硒摄入量（微克/千克/天）每增加1个单位，糖尿病前期风险降低69%（OR = 0.31，< 0.001）。然而，超过1.42微克/千克/天时，这种关联未达到统计学显著性。亚组分析表明，在各年龄组、糖尿病家族史和吸烟史中均存在一致的负相关关系。然而，这种关联在女性中具有统计学显著性（OR = 0.10，< 0.001），而在男性中则不显著。调整后，饮食硒绝对摄入量（微克/天）与糖尿病前期无显著相关性。
在这个高危人群中，体重校正后的饮食硒摄入量（微克/千克/天）与糖尿病前期风险呈现出负向非线性、阈值依赖性关系。这些发现强调了在评估硒的代谢作用和制定硒指南时，体重正常化的至关重要性。
