Liu Yufeng, Zou Ruobing, Guo Yanmeng, Ji Yu, Li Mengyuan, You Yang
Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.
Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Horticultural Plants Development and Utilization, Xinxiang, China.
PeerJ. 2025 Sep 5;13:e19934. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19934. eCollection 2025.
Understanding intraspecific variation in photosynthetic capacity and leaf structure is critical for optimizing provenance selection of in afforestation and urban landscaping programs. In this study, we assessed the adaptability of seedlings from four provenances (Fuzhou, Wuhan, Shenzhen, and Shanghai) by examining their physiological and anatomical traits under a common garden environment in Henan Province. A total of = 80 three-year-old seedlings (twenty per provenance) were evaluated for photosynthetic parameters, stomatal characteristics, and leaf structural features. The results revealed that the net photosynthetic rates of seedlings from four different provenance sites exhibited a "double-peak" curve and a photosynthetic "lunch break" phenomenon, which was strongly positively correlated with stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value. Significant differences in stomatal characteristics were observed among the seedlings from four provenances. The seedlings from Fuzhou and Wuhan exhibited larger stomatal width, area, resulting in superior stomatal gas exchange than that in the seedlings from other provenances. Conversely, seedlings from Shanghai exhibited smaller stomatal area and density, indicating poorer gas exchange and reduced adaptability. The stem cortex cells, stem phloem, stem pith diameter, leaf palisade tissue thickness, and leaf thickness of the seedlings from Shanghai were significantly lower than those of the seedlings from other provenances, indicating that these structural characteristics do not exhibit any photosynthetic advantages over other provenances. In contrast, the seedlings from Fuzhou and Wuhan exhibited larger stem pith diameter, thicker mesophyll cell, and greater leaf thickness, which enhanced their photosynthetic capabilities. Among the seedlings from the four different origins, those from Fuzhou and Wuhan exhibited the best overall photosynthetic ability and strongest adaptability. Conversely, the seedlings from Shanghai exhibited the poorest overall photosynthetic ability and weakest adaptability. Despite similarities in climate, the environmental conditions of different provenances did not appear to have a significant correlation with leaf anatomy. This study provided valuable insights for the introduction of in various regions in China.
了解光合能力和叶片结构的种内变异对于优化造林和城市绿化项目中的种源选择至关重要。在本研究中，我们通过在河南省的一个共同花园环境中检查来自四个种源（福州、武汉、深圳和上海）的幼苗的生理和解剖特征，评估了它们的适应性。总共80株三年生幼苗（每个种源20株）被评估了光合参数、气孔特征和叶片结构特征。结果表明，来自四个不同种源地的幼苗的净光合速率呈现出“双峰”曲线和光合“午休”现象，这与气孔导度、蒸腾速率和土壤植物分析发展（SPAD）值呈强正相关。在来自四个种源的幼苗中观察到气孔特征存在显著差异。来自福州和武汉的幼苗表现出更大的气孔宽度、面积，导致其气孔气体交换优于其他种源的幼苗。相反，来自上海的幼苗表现出较小的气孔面积和密度，表明其气体交换较差且适应性降低。来自上海的幼苗的茎皮层细胞、茎韧皮部、茎髓直径、叶片栅栏组织厚度和叶片厚度均显著低于其他种源的幼苗，这表明这些结构特征在光合方面并不比其他种源具有优势。相比之下，来自福州和武汉的幼苗表现出更大的茎髓直径、更厚的叶肉细胞和更大的叶片厚度，这增强了它们的光合能力。在来自四个不同种源的幼苗中，来自福州和武汉的幼苗总体光合能力最强，适应性也最强。相反，来自上海的幼苗总体光合能力最差，适应性也最弱。尽管气候相似，但不同种源的环境条件与叶片解剖结构似乎没有显著相关性。本研究为在中国不同地区引种提供了有价值的见解。
