Gambari Roberto, Finotti Alessia
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Molecules. 2025 Aug 26;30(17):3496. doi: 10.3390/molecules30173496.
One of the major social issues worldwide is tobacco dependency and cigarette smoking (CS) abuse. Given the significant impact of cigarette smoking on human health and diseases, extensive tobacco use and cigarette smoking abuse are certainly a form of drug addiction and should be considered a serious threat to human health. Notably, healthcare spending attributable to cigarette smoking is very high. In this regard, a significant number of biomolecules of natural origin have been described as capable of mitigating the adverse effects of cigarette smoking. In this review, (a) we discuss the impact that the habit of smoking tobacco has on human health and (b) we describe products of natural origin capable of mitigating the effects of cigarette smoke. The conclusion of this review article is that the available information strongly indicates a possible use of the anti-inflammatory aged garlic extract (AGE) and its bioactive components for mitigating the detrimental effects of cigarette smoke on human tissues. The key reasons for proposing this application are that AGE and its key components S-allyl-cysteine and S1-propenyl-cysteine are potent anti-inflammatory agents, bind to Toll-like Receptor-4, inhibit Nuclear Factor-κB, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, revert apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke in several cellular model systems and are strong inhibitors of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation.
全球主要社会问题之一是烟草依赖和吸烟(CS)滥用。鉴于吸烟对人类健康和疾病有重大影响,大量吸烟和吸烟滥用无疑是一种药物成瘾形式,应被视为对人类健康的严重威胁。值得注意的是,归因于吸烟的医疗支出非常高。在这方面,大量天然来源的生物分子已被描述为能够减轻吸烟的不利影响。在本综述中,(a)我们讨论吸烟习惯对人类健康的影响,(b)我们描述能够减轻香烟烟雾影响的天然来源产品。这篇综述文章的结论是,现有信息有力地表明,抗炎性的 aged garlic extract(AGE)及其生物活性成分可能用于减轻香烟烟雾对人体组织的有害影响。提出这一应用的关键原因是,AGE 及其关键成分 S-烯丙基半胱氨酸和 S1-丙烯基半胱氨酸是强效抗炎剂,与 Toll 样受体-4 结合,抑制核因子-κB,抑制促炎基因的表达,在多个细胞模型系统中逆转香烟烟雾诱导的细胞凋亡,并且是活性氧(ROS)形成的强抑制剂。