结直肠癌中的微小RNA——潜在的诊断和预后标志物——最新综述

Micro RNA in Colorectal Cancer-Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers-An Updated Review.

作者信息

Pająk Weronika, Kleinrok Jakub, Pec Joanna, Michno Karolina, Wojtas Jan, Badach Miłosz, Teresińska Barbara, Baj Jacek

机构信息

Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.

Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 4;26(17):8615. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178615.

DOI:10.3390/ijms26178615

PMID:40943532

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12429582/

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest and most frequently occurring cancers worldwide. Often diagnosed in advanced stages, it requires more challenging treatment. However, emerging studies highlight the possible role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of CRC. MiRNAs modulate gene expression and can play both roles in tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In CRC, they influence epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell proliferation and migration, apoptosis, autophagy, and patients' treatment response. In clinical applications, they can be used as predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as for matching the most suitable treatments. Despite its growing popularity, there is still much to discover about their potential usage in medicine.

摘要

结直肠癌（CRC）是全球最致命且最常见的癌症之一。它常被诊断为晚期，需要更具挑战性的治疗。然而，新出现的研究突出了微小RNA（miRNA）在CRC筛查、诊断和预后方面可能发挥的作用。miRNA调节基因表达，在肿瘤抑制基因和癌基因中都能发挥作用。在CRC中，它们影响上皮-间质转化（EMT）、细胞增殖与迁移、凋亡、自噬以及患者的治疗反应。在临床应用中，它们可用作预测和预后生物标志物，也可用于匹配最合适的治疗方法。尽管其越来越受欢迎，但关于它们在医学中的潜在用途仍有许多有待发现。