Wang Jui-Chien, Huang Yi-Chao, Wang Jung-Pan
From the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2025 Sep 12;13(9):e7095. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000007095. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Comminuted proximal phalangeal fractures of the thumb are inherently unstable injuries requiring surgical fixation to provide stability and restore function. Current fixation methods include plate and screw fixation, which is associated with stiffness (in 64% of cases), extensor lag, and hardware complications requiring further operations. Moreover, intramedullary screws carry the risk of cartilage damage and fracture displacement during insertion. These modalities requiring extensive soft tissue dissection correlate with poor functional outcomes due to fibrosis and vascular disruption. A simplified surgical technique was presented through a case of open comminuted thumb proximal phalangeal fracture managed with antegrade intramedullary Kirschner wire transfixation of both the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) and interphalangeal joint. This approach acknowledges the biomechanical reality that thumb function primarily relies on carpometacarpal joint mobility, with the MCPJ contributing substantially less to functional opposition, making temporary MCPJ immobilization well tolerated. Extended stabilization is critical, as evidenced by a documented case report showing loss of reduction between 9 and 14 weeks postoperatively, even with a rigid fixation method. The technique presented offers several advantages: minimal soft tissue disruption preserving vascularity essential for healing, no pin tract infection despite nonburied wire fixation, simplified removal without additional anesthesia, and economic benefits through reduced operating time and the absence of expensive implants. Radiographic union was achieved by 16 weeks, with good functional recovery and no complications. This technique represents a valuable balance between stability requirements and soft tissue preservation, particularly in open injuries where extensive surgical approaches may be contraindicated.
拇指近节指骨粉碎性骨折本质上是不稳定损伤,需要手术固定以提供稳定性并恢复功能。目前的固定方法包括钢板螺钉固定,该方法存在僵硬问题(64%的病例)、伸肌滞后以及需要进一步手术处理的内固定并发症。此外,髓内螺钉在插入过程中存在软骨损伤和骨折移位的风险。这些需要广泛软组织剥离的方式,由于纤维化和血管破坏,与功能预后不良相关。通过一例开放性拇指近节指骨粉碎性骨折病例,介绍了一种简化的手术技术,采用顺行髓内克氏针固定掌指关节(MCPJ)和指间关节。这种方法认识到生物力学现实,即拇指功能主要依赖于腕掌关节活动度,掌指关节对功能对掌的贡献要小得多,因此临时固定掌指关节耐受性良好。延长固定至关重要,有一份病例报告证明了这一点,该报告显示即使采用坚固的固定方法,术后9至14周仍会出现复位丢失。所介绍的技术具有几个优点:软组织破坏最小,保留了愈合所需的血管;尽管采用非埋头钢丝固定,但无针道感染;无需额外麻醉即可简化取出过程;通过减少手术时间和无需昂贵植入物而具有经济效益。16周时实现了影像学愈合,功能恢复良好且无并发症。该技术在稳定性要求和软组织保留之间实现了有价值的平衡,特别是在开放性损伤中,广泛的手术入路可能是禁忌的情况下。