Sureshkumar Parvathi, Mohandas Sreelakshmi, M Rose Brilly, Sreedevi Aswathy
Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ernakulam, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Aug 12;17(8):e89928. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89928. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Background and objectives Asthma and allergic rhinitis are common non-communicable diseases that cause chronic respiratory issues, poor sleep, and reduced academic performance among adolescents. Hence the objective of this study was to (1) estimate the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis and (2) to determine its association with chronotype among adolescents in Ernakulam district, Kerala. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and December, 2024, among adolescents aged 13 to 14 years from a selected school in urban Ernakulam using convenience sampling. The minimum calculated sample size with 95% confidence and an absolute precision of 5 was 303. Data were collected using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and the Ultra-Short Version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Logistic regression was done to identify the independent predictors for asthma and allergic rhinitis and results were reported as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results Among the 313 participants interviewed, the prevalence of asthma was 15% (95% CI: 10.9-19.4), and allergic rhinitis was 24% (95% CI: 19.4-29.2). Most participants were of evening chronotype, 67% (95% CI: 61.8-72.6), followed by intermediate chronotype, 27% (95% CI: 22.1-32.1). The independent predictors for asthma were found to be morning chronotype [aOR:7.53 (2.4-23.4)] and household tobacco use [aOR: 5.21 (2.4-11.0)]. While the different chronotypes did not show any association with allergic rhinitis (p = 0.62), family history of asthma/allergy [aOR: 3.84 (2.0-7.2)] and larger family size [aOR: 1.89 (1.0-3.3)] were found to be independent predictors for allergic rhinitis. Conclusion The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis was found to be high in our survey, with environmental factors and family history playing key roles. Asthma is linked to chronotype, while allergic rhinitis is not. It is recommended to implement preventive measures focusing on modifiable risk factors like tobacco use and the early detection of high-risk chronotypes.
哮喘和过敏性鼻炎是常见的非传染性疾病，可导致青少年慢性呼吸问题、睡眠不佳及学业成绩下降。因此，本研究的目的是：（1）估计喀拉拉邦埃纳库拉姆区青少年哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的患病率；（2）确定其与青少年生物钟类型的关联。方法：于2024年2月至12月，采用便利抽样法，对城市埃纳库拉姆一所选定学校的13至14岁青少年进行了一项基于学校的横断面研究。计算得出的95%置信度和绝对精度为5的最小样本量为303。使用儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC）问卷及慕尼黑生物钟类型超短版问卷收集数据。进行逻辑回归以确定哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的独立预测因素，并将结果报告为调整后的比值比（aOR）及95%置信区间。结果：在接受访谈的313名参与者中，哮喘患病率为15%（95%CI：10.9 - 19.4），过敏性鼻炎患病率为24%（95%CI：19.4 - 29.2）。大多数参与者为晚睡型生物钟，占67%（95%CI：61.8 - 72.6），其次是中间型生物钟，占27%（95%CI：22.1 - 32.1）。发现哮喘的独立预测因素为早起型生物钟[aOR：7.53（2.4 - 23.4）]和家庭烟草使用情况[aOR：5.21（2.4 - 11.0）]。虽然不同的生物钟类型与过敏性鼻炎无任何关联（p = 0.62），但哮喘/过敏家族史[aOR：3.84（2.0 - 7.2）]和家庭规模较大[aOR：1.89（1.0 - 3.3）]被发现是过敏性鼻炎的独立预测因素。结论：在我们的调查中，哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的患病率较高，环境因素和家族史起着关键作用。哮喘与生物钟类型有关，而过敏性鼻炎则无关。建议实施针对可改变风险因素（如烟草使用）的预防措施，并尽早发现高风险生物钟类型。
