Mazzotti Antonio, Gemini Gianmarco, Langone Laura, Arceri Alberto, Zielli Simone Ottavio, Sgubbi Federico, Di Paola Gianmarco, De Pellegrin Maurizio, Faldini Cesare
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
Children (Basel). 2025 Aug 24;12(9):1114. doi: 10.3390/children12091114.
Osteochondroses of the foot represent a unique and less frequently discussed topic. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of foot osteochondroses, highlighting their definition, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Historical sources, including early case reports, were included along with the current literature to picture the current knowledge on the subject. Anatomical mapping of pain locations and associated ossification centers was employed as a framework to present the various forms of foot osteochondroses. Multiple types of foot osteochondrosis were identified. The calcaneus, navicular and lesser metatarsal are among the more common involved bones. Most forms share a multifactorial etiology involving mechanical stress, vascular insufficiency, and delayed ossification. The pain is localized and common to all forms. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment supported by radiographic and sometimes magnetic resonance imaging findings. During the acute phase, joint rest is essential. Despite the potential for spontaneous resolution, some cases can lead to structural deformities or persistent symptoms. Foot osteochondroses, although rare, require careful clinical evaluation due to their impact on pediatric patients. Increased awareness and standardized treatment approaches may improve early recognition and management, potentially reducing long-term sequelae.
足部骨软骨病是一个独特且较少被讨论的话题。本叙述性综述旨在全面概述足部骨软骨病,重点介绍其定义、病理生理学、临床特征、诊断和治疗。历史资料,包括早期病例报告,与当前文献一同纳入,以描绘该主题的现有知识。疼痛部位和相关骨化中心的解剖定位被用作呈现各种足部骨软骨病形式的框架。已确定多种类型的足部骨软骨病。跟骨、舟骨和较小的跖骨是较常受累的骨骼。大多数形式具有多因素病因,涉及机械应力、血管供应不足和骨化延迟。疼痛是局限性的,且在所有形式中都很常见。诊断依赖于临床评估,并辅以影像学检查,有时还需磁共振成像结果。在急性期,关节制动至关重要。尽管有可能自行缓解,但一些病例可能导致结构畸形或持续症状。足部骨软骨病虽然罕见,但因其对儿科患者的影响,需要仔细的临床评估。提高认识和采用标准化治疗方法可能会改善早期识别和管理, potentially reducing long-term sequelae.(原文最后一句英文表述有误,正确的可能是“potentially reducing long-term sequelae”,直译为“潜在地减少长期后遗症” ) 从而有可能减少长期后遗症。