Zamò Sara, Fonda Federico, Palese Alvisa, Galazzi Alessandro
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima (Bari), Italy.
Nurs Crit Care. 2025 Nov;30(6):e70217. doi: 10.1111/nicc.70217.
Rapid Response Systems (RRS) aim to implement systematic processes for the early detection and management of emergencies in hospitals. Exploring the current characteristics and organisation of RRS in Europe and evaluating clinical outcomes may help identify areas for improvement.
To provide an overview of the studies conducted in Europe, summarising the characteristics of RRS, their organisational structure and the clinical outcomes documented to date.
A scoping review was conducted according to the framework of Levac and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The review protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (OSF); CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Scopus were then searched. Quantitative primary studies about RRS conducted in Europe and published in English were included.
Twenty-three studies were found, of which 18 (78.3%) were published in the last 10 years. Eleven (47.8%) aimed to describe the function and activities of RRS, while 12 (52.2%) analysed patient outcomes and two (8.7%) the effectiveness, feasibility and costs of RRS. Heterogeneous organisational patterns of RRS emerged, including terminologies (Medical Emergency Team [MET], Rapid Response Team [RRT], Cardiac Arrest Team [CAT], Critical Care Outreach [CCO]), team composition, availability, activation systems and activities.
The number of RRS studies is increasing, especially to compare their organisational structure under heterogeneous terminologies. Future research should investigate the outcome variations between different RRS structures. In addition, guidelines that standardise the minimum data set in the field of RRS by also introducing registries could increase consistency between European practices and studies.
Knowledge of the current situation of RRS in Europe can serve as a basis for policies and benchmark models to promote better patient care.
This scoping review was registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) on 3 August 2024 (https://osf.io/ekb95; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EKB95).
快速反应系统（RRS）旨在实施系统流程，以便在医院中早期发现并处理紧急情况。探索欧洲RRS的当前特征与组织情况，并评估临床结果，可能有助于确定可改进的领域。
概述在欧洲开展的研究，总结RRS的特征、组织结构以及迄今记录的临床结果。
根据莱瓦克框架进行了一项范围综述，并按照系统评价和Meta分析扩展版范围综述（PRISMA-ScR）指南进行报告。该综述方案已在开放科学框架（OSF）上注册；随后检索了护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、考科蓝图书馆、医学期刊数据库（PubMed）和文摘与引文数据库（Scopus）。纳入了在欧洲开展并以英文发表的关于RRS的定量原发性研究。
共找到23项研究，其中18项（78.3%）在过去10年发表。11项（47.8%）旨在描述RRS的功能和活动，12项（52.2%）分析患者结局，2项（8.7%）分析RRS的有效性、可行性和成本。出现了RRS的异质组织模式，包括术语（医疗急救团队[MET]、快速反应团队[RRT]、心脏骤停团队[CAT]、重症监护外展[CCO]）、团队组成、可用性、激活系统和活动。
RRS研究的数量在增加，尤其是为了比较不同术语下的组织结构。未来的研究应调查不同RRS结构之间的结局差异。此外，通过引入注册系统来规范RRS领域最小数据集的指南，可以提高欧洲实践与研究之间的一致性。
了解欧洲RRS的现状可作为制定政策和基准模型的基础，以促进更好的患者护理。
本范围综述于2024年8月3日在开放科学框架（OSF）上注册（https://osf.io/ekb95；https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EKB95）。
