Millar S
Perception. 1979;8(1):11-20. doi: 10.1068/p080011.
The role of visual experience in coding spatial position by movements or by external cues was examined in simple (nonrotational) shift tasks with blind and sighted children. Age and the salience of external cues were also of interest. Results showed that the congenitally totally blind used movement cues significantly more even when external cues were present and prominent. The blind with minimal visual experience coded by external cues, but made errors beyond the age by which blindfolded sighted children performed correctly. It was argued that visual experience affects coding by drawing attention to external cues, and by providing more adequate spatial information than other sources usually available to the blind. In its absence, movement coding and self-reference can become preferred strategies.
在针对盲童和视力正常儿童的简单（非旋转）移位任务中，研究了视觉经验在通过运动或外部线索对空间位置进行编码方面的作用。年龄以及外部线索的显著性也在研究范围内。结果表明，即使存在且显著的外部线索，先天性全盲儿童也更显著地使用运动线索。视觉经验极少的盲人依靠外部线索进行编码，但会出现比蒙眼的视力正常儿童在该年龄正确完成任务时更多的错误。有人认为，视觉经验通过吸引对外部线索的注意力，并通过提供比盲人通常可获得的其他来源更充分的空间信息来影响编码。在缺乏视觉经验的情况下，运动编码和自我参照可能会成为首选策略。
