Barrett-Connor E
Calif Med. 1973 Mar;118(3):1-4.
On the average, one-fourth of North Americans visiting developing countries experience a self-limited diarrheal illness that interferes with holiday or business activities. Recent work suggests that these episodes are caused by a small inoculum of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli which are common in the country visited and rare in the country of origin. Neither antimicrobial treatment nor anti-diarrheal agents have proven benefit once the illness has begun. Despite its frequent use, iodochlorhydroxyquin has not been shown in double blind studies to be effective as a preventive agent, and may be dangerous. The status of furazolidone for prevention of tourist diarrhea is questionable. Both neomycin sulfate and phythalylsulfathiazole have demonstrated efficacy as chemoprophylactics in Mexico. However, their use should be restricted to limited types of travel and travelers. General admonitions concerning avoidance of certain ingestibles are recommended; despite questionable value in preventing travelers' diarrhea such precautions may prevent more serious gastrointestinal illness.
平均而言，前往发展中国家的北美游客中有四分之一会经历一种自限性腹泻疾病，这种疾病会干扰假期或商务活动。最近的研究表明，这些腹泻发作是由少量致病性大肠杆菌引起的，这些细菌在所访问的国家很常见，而在原籍国则很少见。一旦疾病开始，抗菌治疗和止泻药都没有被证明有好处。尽管碘氯羟喹经常被使用，但双盲研究并未表明它作为预防药物是有效的，而且可能有危险。呋喃唑酮预防旅行者腹泻的效果存疑。硫酸新霉素和酞磺噻唑在墨西哥已证明作为化学预防剂是有效的。然而，它们的使用应限于特定类型的旅行和旅行者。建议对避免某些可食用物给予一般性告诫；尽管在预防旅行者腹泻方面价值存疑，但这些预防措施可能会预防更严重的胃肠道疾病。
