Zlotnik I, Smith C E, Grant D P, Peacock S
Br J Exp Pathol. 1970 Aug;51(4):434-9.
Cyclophosphamide altered not only the pathological picture of virus encephalitis, but also enhanced the invasiveness of viruses and produced fatal forms of disease to which monkeys were otherwise resistant. Normal patas monkeys infected either i.c. or intranasally (i.n.) with louping ill developed clinical encephalitis from which they recovered, but when cyclophosphamide was administered the disease proved fatal. Normal rhesus monkeys inoculated i.n. with virulent western equine encephalitis virus developed neither clinical disease nor CNS lesions, but after treatment with cyclophosphamide they developed fatal encephalitis. The viruses of louping ill, Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Western equine encephalitis when given without an immunosuppressant usually gave rise to acute inflammatory CNS pathology, but when the monkeys were given cyclophosphamide, the inflammatory reaction was replaced by a degenerative process causing both neuronal necrosis and spongy degeneration.
环磷酰胺不仅改变了病毒性脑炎的病理表现，还增强了病毒的侵袭性，并引发了原本对其有抵抗力的猴子出现致命性疾病形式。正常的派塔斯猴经脑内（i.c.）或鼻内（i.n.）接种跳跃病病毒后会发展为临床脑炎并康复，但给予环磷酰胺后，疾病被证明是致命的。正常的恒河猴经鼻内接种强毒西部马脑炎病毒后既未出现临床疾病也未出现中枢神经系统病变，但在给予环磷酰胺治疗后，它们发展为致命性脑炎。跳跃病病毒、委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒和西部马脑炎病毒在未使用免疫抑制剂的情况下接种时，通常会引起急性炎症性中枢神经系统病变，但当给猴子使用环磷酰胺时，炎症反应被一种导致神经元坏死和海绵状变性的退行性过程所取代。
