Quantitative aspects of sensitivity and summation in the cat retina.

1. Properties of the central response mechanism of on-centre ganglion cells in the cat retina were studied by recording, from optic tract fibres, responses evoked by stimuli modulated with time in a sinusoidal or square-wave fashion.2. The shape of averaged square-wave responses resulting from the central mechanism alone was identified. This shape was identical from one cell to another. Such an identification permits the early recognition of peripheral antagonism.3. Threshold sensitivity for a sinusoidal stimulus was determined for fifty cells along one horizontal and vertical axis, passing through the most sensitive portion of the receptive field. These sensitivity profiles were described in terms of a central segment of constant maximum sensitivity (uniform centre) and sloping outer segments of exponentially decreasing sensitivity (exponential annulus). The dimensions of the uniform centre (horizontal axis x vertical axis) varied from 0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees to 2.5 degrees x 2.2 degrees , the half width of the exponential annulus ranged from 0.1 degrees to 0.63 degrees .4. Adapting spots of varying diameter were placed concentric with the receptive field and the (unmodulated) luminance, at each diameter, that reduced a small central (sinusoidal) stimulus to threshold, was determined. The resulting area-adaptation curve, (adapting luminance plotted against diameter) showed that within defined limits the state of adaptation is determined by the flux independent of its distribution.5. Sinusoidal stimuli of varying diameter were placed concentric with the receptive field and the threshold luminance at each diameter was determined. Suprathreshold square-wave stimuli indicated that the central mechanism alone contributed to the response. These area-sensitivity curves did not show any decrease in sensitivity at larger diameters.6. The shape of the area-sensitivity curve, and hence the extent of the summating area, was found to be independent of the state of adaptation.7. For any one cell the shapes of the area-adaptation and area-sensitivity curves were shown to be identical, indicating that adapting flux and stimulus flux are independent of distribution over the same defined limits.8. The sensitivity of combinations of small disconnected areas of the receptive field was found to be equal to the sum of their individual sensitivities.