二阶程序中的条件强化。
Conditioned reinforcement in second-order schedules.
作者信息
Kelleher R T
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 Sep;9(5):475-85. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-475.
Pigeons responded under a schedule in which food was presented only after a fixed number of fixed-interval components were completed. Two such second-order schedules were studied: under one, 30 consecutive 2-min fixed-interval components were required; under the other, 15 consecutive 4-min fixed-interval components were required. Under both schedules, when a 0.7-sec stimulus light was presented at completion of each fixed interval, positively accelerated responding developed in each component. When no stimulus change occurred at completion of each fixed interval, relatively low and constant rates of responding prevailed in each component; a similar result was obtained when a 0.7-sec stimulus change occurred at completion of each fixed interval except the one which terminated with primary reinforcement. The 0.7-sec stimulus correlated with food delivery was an effective conditioned reinforcer in maintaining patterns of responding in fixed-interval components despite low average frequencies of food reinforcement.
鸽子按照一种程序做出反应，在该程序中，只有在完成固定数量的固定间隔成分后才会提供食物。研究了两种这样的二阶程序：一种情况下，需要连续完成30个2分钟的固定间隔成分；另一种情况下，需要连续完成15个4分钟的固定间隔成分。在这两种程序下，当在每个固定间隔结束时呈现0.7秒的刺激光时，每个成分中都会出现正加速反应。当在每个固定间隔结束时没有刺激变化时，每个成分中的反应率相对较低且恒定；当在每个固定间隔结束时（除了以初级强化结束的那个间隔）出现0.7秒的刺激变化时，也得到了类似的结果。与食物投放相关的0.7秒刺激，尽管食物强化的平均频率较低，但在维持固定间隔成分中的反应模式方面是一种有效的条件强化物。
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