Vannucci R C, Wolf J W
Environ Health Perspect. 1977 Dec;21:215-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7721215.
The present study examines the effects of maternally administered halothane on fetal brain metabolism as determined by direct tissue analysis. Term pregnant rats were paralyzed, ventilated, and administered halothane in concentrations of 0.4, 1, or 2%. For comparison of fetal response to anesthetic agents, other maternal rats were administered pentobarbital (50 or 200 mg/kg). Dams receiving 0.4% halothane or 50 mg/kg pentobarbital remained normotensive, whereas 2% halothane or 200 mg/kg pentobarbital led to a 65% reduction in maternal blood pressure and a 3-fold increase in blood lactate. Fetal blood lactate tended to parallel the maternal lactacidemia. Fetuses of dams anesthetized with 0.4% halothane or 50 mg/kg pentobarbital exhibited concentrations of cerebral metabolities comparable to those of control animals. A 2% halothane level was associated with metabolic disturbances in fetal brain, indicative of cerebral hypoxia. Pentobarbital 200 mg/kg, although producing maternal hypotension and lactacidemia to a degree similar to 2% halothane, preserved a more optimal fetal cerebral energy state as reflected in a lower lactate/pyruvate ratio and normal ATP. The metabolic influence of pentobarbital may serve to protect the hypoxic fetus from neurological damage, an effect apparently not shared by maternally administered halothane.
本研究通过直接组织分析，检测了母体给予氟烷对胎儿脑代谢的影响。足月妊娠大鼠被麻痹、通气，并给予浓度为0.4%、1%或2%的氟烷。为了比较胎儿对麻醉剂的反应，给其他母体大鼠给予戊巴比妥（50或200mg/kg）。接受0.4%氟烷或50mg/kg戊巴比妥的母鼠血压保持正常，而2%氟烷或200mg/kg戊巴比妥导致母体血压降低65%，血乳酸增加3倍。胎儿血乳酸往往与母体乳酸血症平行。用0.4%氟烷或50mg/kg戊巴比妥麻醉的母鼠所产胎儿的脑代谢物浓度与对照动物相当。2%的氟烷水平与胎儿脑代谢紊乱有关，提示脑缺氧。200mg/kg戊巴比妥虽然产生与2%氟烷程度相似的母体低血压和乳酸血症，但能维持更优化的胎儿脑能量状态，这体现在较低的乳酸/丙酮酸比值和正常的三磷酸腺苷（ATP）水平上。戊巴比妥的代谢影响可能有助于保护缺氧胎儿免受神经损伤，母体给予氟烷显然没有这种作用。
