Rosenberg E R
Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1982 Apr;17(4):239-76.
The kidney is a readily accessible organ to the ultrasonographer. In the past several years, improvements in instrumentation have allowed detailed visualization of the normal renal architecture as well as disease processes involving the kidney. Ultrasonographic evaluation should be considered a complementary modality to the intravenous pyelogram, and in cases where contrast material is contraindicated, it may become a primary imaging technique of the kidneys. The indications for a renal ultrasonic examination, techniques, and methods of imaging the kidney as well as normal anatomy will be presented. A review of several renal abnormalities will include mass lesions, hydroenphrosis, pediatric applications, assessment of transplants, and interventional techniques. An integrated radiologic approach to renal disease, including intravenous pyelography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and angiography, will be suggested.
肾脏是超声检查人员很容易检查到的器官。在过去几年中，仪器设备的改进使得对正常肾脏结构以及涉及肾脏的疾病过程能够进行详细的可视化观察。超声检查应被视为静脉肾盂造影的一种补充手段，在造影剂禁忌的情况下，它可能会成为肾脏的主要成像技术。本文将介绍肾脏超声检查的适应证、技术、肾脏成像方法以及正常解剖结构。对几种肾脏异常情况的综述将包括肿块病变、肾积水、儿科应用、移植评估以及介入技术。本文还将提出一种针对肾脏疾病的综合放射学检查方法，包括静脉肾盂造影、超声检查、计算机断层扫描和血管造影。
