Characteristics of postsynaptic alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in canine vascular smooth muscle.

A previous study suggested the existence of two distinct postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptors in canine intralobar pulmonary arteries (IPA) and veins. The present study, performed using rings of canine IPA and dorsal metatarsal vein (DMV), was designed to characterize the factors affecting the postsynaptic alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors of these blood vessels. The responses of IPA and DMV to norepinephrine (NE), transmural nerve stimulation, phenylephrine (PE), guanabenz, and clonidine were obtained in the presence and absence of alterations in pH, extracellular calcium ion, sulfhydryl bond reduction and oxidation, and destruction of adrenergic nerves with 6-hydroxydopamine. The data demonstrate that: (i) alpha 2-receptors are inactivated by changes in pH above or below pH 7.4, contain a labile disulfide group, are susceptible to modulation by increases and decreases in calcium ion, and appear to be decreased by destruction of adrenergic nerves; (ii) the NE and PE sensitive alpha 1-receptors are insensitive to alterations in pH, refractory to disulfide reduction by dithiothreitol, slightly susceptible to modulation by calcium ion, and increased by destruction of adrenergic nerves. These data support the conclusion that the two subtypes of postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptors differ in their properties and susceptibility to modification by alteration of the physiological environment.