van Zweeden P H, Hellebrekers L J
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1984 Feb 15;109(4):125-31.
The aetiology of acute pancreatitis in dogs is rather obscure. Although experimental studies may reveal a number of causative factors, an aetiological diagnosis is rarely established in 'spontaneous' pancreatitis. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology are reviewed. Activated trypsin plays a leading role in the injury to the pancreas, the ischaemia of the tissues and the disseminated intravascular coagulation. Vomiting, abdominal pain and general malaise are prominent features in the externally perceptible symptoms. Examination of the blood is of importance both in establishing the diagnosis and in determining the course of the disease. Great caution is indicated in setting store by individual results of haematological studies. There is neither a biochemical nor a haematological method of estimation today, by which acute haemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis can be shown to be present or ruled out with one hundred per cent certainty. Treatment of the disease is mainly symptomatic. Complete withdrawal of food and water is the most important factor. Intravenous fluid therapy, anti-emetics, analgesics and possibly antibiotics are the main adjuncts to treatment. The prognosis will largely depend on the stage of the disease and the extent to which complications have occurred at the time.
犬急性胰腺炎的病因相当不明。尽管实验研究可能揭示一些致病因素，但在“自发性”胰腺炎中很少能做出病因诊断。本文对其发病机制和病理生理学进行了综述。活化的胰蛋白酶在胰腺损伤、组织缺血和弥散性血管内凝血中起主导作用。呕吐、腹痛和全身不适是外部可察觉症状的突出特征。血液检查对于确立诊断和确定疾病进程都很重要。对血液学研究的个别结果应极为谨慎对待。目前既没有生化方法也没有血液学方法能百分之百确定地证实或排除急性出血性坏死性胰腺炎的存在。该病的治疗主要是对症治疗。完全禁食禁水是最重要的因素。静脉补液治疗、止吐药、镇痛药以及可能的抗生素是治疗的主要辅助手段。预后在很大程度上取决于疾病的阶段以及当时并发症发生的程度。
