常见抗癫痫药物对沙鼠的抗惊厥效力

Anticonvulsant potency of common antiepileptic drugs in the gerbil.

作者信息

Frey H H, Löscher W, Reiche R, Schultz D

出版信息

Pharmacology. 1983;27(6):330-5. doi: 10.1159/000137888.

Abstract

In gerbils, 'minor' (myoclonic) and 'major' (clonic-tonic) seizures were induced by blowing at the animals with compressed air. The anticonvulsant ED50 of the following drugs was determined after oral administration against both types of seizures: phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, sodium valproate, ethosuximide, and diazepam. Valproate, ethosuximide, and diazepam were most potent against 'minor' seizures which could not or only partially be suppressed by phenytoin or carbamazepine, respectively. The 'grand mal' drugs phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine were, on the other hand, more potent against 'major' than against 'minor' seizures. When phenobarbital was administered for several days, a strong induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes occurred.

摘要

在沙鼠中，通过用压缩空气吹拂动物诱导出“轻微”（肌阵挛性）和“严重”（阵挛-强直性）癫痫发作。口服以下药物后，测定了它们针对这两种癫痫发作类型的抗惊厥半数有效剂量（ED50）：苯妥英、苯巴比妥、卡马西平、丙戊酸钠、乙琥胺和地西泮。丙戊酸盐、乙琥胺和地西泮对“轻微”癫痫发作最为有效，而苯妥英或卡马西平分别无法或只能部分抑制这种发作。另一方面，“大发作”药物苯妥英、苯巴比妥和卡马西平对“严重”癫痫发作的效力比对“轻微”癫痫发作更强。当连续数天给予苯巴比妥时，会发生肝微粒体酶的强烈诱导。