Cloning and mapping of the dihydrofolate reductase gene of Bacillus subtilis.

The structural gene for dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA) from the Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome has been cloned, along with the thyB gene, on a 4.5-kb insert contained on chimeric plasmid pER1. The presence of the dfrA gene on pER1 was demonstrated by showing that: (i) transformation of Escherichia coli strains RUE10(Thy-) and RUE11(Thy+) with pER1 resulted in a 60 to 130-fold increase in dihydrofolate reductase (DFRase) activity with a turnover number characteristic of that of B. subtilis and (ii) pER1-mediated transformation of trimethoprim-resistant E. coli strain D05, which overproduced a DFRase with a decreased affinity for trimethoprim, resulted in a 41-fold increase in DFRase activity with an affinity for trimethoprim similar to that of the B. subtilis enzyme. The dfrA gene was mapped to the 200 degrees region of the B. subtilis chromosome, and the gene order was established as thyB dfrA ilvA. Furthermore, the dfrA gene was shown to be linked closely (95-99% cotransformation) to the thyB gene.