Seals D R, Hagberg J M, Hurley B F, Ehsani A A, Holloszy J O
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 Oct;57(4):1024-9. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.4.1024.
The effects of prolonged endurance training on maximal O2 uptake capacity (VO2max) and its determinants were studied in 11 older individuals (63 +/- 2 yr). The subjects were evaluated before training, after 6 mo of low-intensity (LI) training, and after an additional 6 mo of higher intensity (HI) training. VO2max was 25.4 +/- 4.6 ml X kg-1 X min-1 before training, 28.2 +/- 5.2 ml X kg-1 X min-1 after LI training (P less than 0.05), and 32.9 +/- 7.6 ml X kg-1 X min-1 after HI training (P less than 0.01), with an overall increase of 30%. The increase in VO2max in response to training appeared to be mediated primarily through an increase in maximal arteriovenous O2 difference (P less than 0.01), with little augmentation of maximal cardiac output (Q) (P greater than 0.05). At the same absolute work rates, stroke volume was higher (P less than 0.05); heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and systemic vascular resistance were lower (P less than 0.05); and Q and arteriovenous O2 difference were unchanged after training. At the same relative work rates, arteriovenous O2 difference was higher (P less than 0.01); BP and systemic vascular resistance were lower (P less than 0.05); and HR, Q, and stroke volume did not change significantly. These findings show that older individuals can adapt to prolonged endurance training with a large increase in aerobic power.
对11名老年人（63±2岁）进行了长期耐力训练对最大摄氧量（VO2max）及其决定因素影响的研究。在训练前、进行6个月低强度（LI）训练后以及再进行6个月高强度（HI）训练后对受试者进行评估。训练前VO2max为25.4±4.6ml·kg-1·min-1，LI训练后为28.2±5.2ml·kg-1·min-1（P<0.05），HI训练后为32.9±7.6ml·kg-1·min-1（P<0.01），总体增加了30%。训练引起的VO2max增加似乎主要通过最大动静脉氧差的增加来介导（P<0.01），而最大心输出量（Q）增加很少（P>0.05）。在相同的绝对工作率下，每搏输出量更高（P<0.05）；心率（HR）、血压（BP）和全身血管阻力更低（P<0.05）；训练后Q和动静脉氧差不变。在相同的相对工作率下，动静脉氧差更高（P<0.01）；BP和全身血管阻力更低（P<0.05）；HR、Q和每搏输出量无显著变化。这些发现表明，老年人可以通过长期耐力训练使有氧能力大幅提高来适应训练。
