Leusmann D B, Meyer-Jürgens U B, Kleinhans G
Scan Electron Microsc. 1984(Pt 3):1427-32.
Within the scope of the investigation of more than 1,500 urinary calculi by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), some peculiarities arose concerning secondary phase transitions and morphology of some of the crystalline phases present. There is evidence for a phase transition from Ca-oxalate dihydrate to the monohydrate form in oxalate rich stones. This is characterized by a transitional zone, in which often relatively large monocrystals of newly formed whewellite are found, sticking within weddellite crystals with typical dissolution signs. We conclude that the phase transformation is regulated by dissolution and recrystallization. In mixed uric acid / uric acid dihydrate stones, occasionally parallel growth of apparently two different kinds of crystals upon each other can be observed, which possibly are uric acid crystals grown epitaxially on uric acid dihydrate. A few nearly pure whewellite stones with little Ca-phosphate at the central core show tubules which obviously had been part of a calcified renal papilla and so had been acting as a nidus for stone formation. Bacterial footprints as well as calcified bacteria have only been found in apatite containing stones of patients with urinary tract infections by Escherichia coli. These bacteria are likely responsible for the origin of these footprints.
在通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对1500多颗尿结石进行调查的范围内，出现了一些关于某些存在的结晶相的二次相变和形态的特殊情况。有证据表明，在富含草酸盐的结石中，存在从二水草酸钙到一水合物形式的相变。其特征是有一个过渡区，在这个区域内经常能发现新形成的水草酸钙相对较大的单晶，它们附着在具有典型溶解迹象的二水草酸钙晶体中。我们得出结论，相变是由溶解和重结晶调节的。在尿酸/二水合尿酸混合结石中，偶尔可以观察到明显两种不同类型的晶体彼此平行生长，这可能是尿酸晶体在二水合尿酸上外延生长。一些中心核处几乎不含磷酸钙的纯水草酸钙结石显示出小管，这些小管显然曾是钙化肾乳头的一部分，因此曾作为结石形成的核心。仅在大肠杆菌引起的尿路感染患者的含磷灰石结石中发现了细菌痕迹以及钙化细菌。这些细菌可能是这些痕迹的来源。
