Active transport membrane concentration amplifiers.

Three different active transport membrane configurations are suggested for achieving concentration amplification in a circulating substrate solution. The steady-state characteristics of the structures are investigated on the basis of a linear approximation of the rate of active transport. An analysis of the effects of system parameters and geometry on the concentration gradient along the flow path is presented. It is seen that the concentration gradient may be synthesized by appropriate choice of membrane arrangement, flow and physico-chemical transport parameters.