Mustonen R
Health Phys. 1984 Jun;46(6):1195-203. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198406000-00003.
A total of 369 samples of Finnish building materials were tested for their 226Ra, 232Th and 40K concentrations. The rate of radon exhalation was measured from 19 samples of material and 34 dwellings were tested for their room air ventilation rate and radon concentration. The mean values of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K concentrations in ballast materials for concrete production were 34.2 Bq X kg-1, 39.0 Bq X kg-1 and 964 Bq X kg-1, with standard deviations of 18.7 Bq X kg-1, 19.5 Bq X kg-1 and 265 Bq X kg-1, respectively. The activity concentrations were higher in clay bricks than in concrete, the mean values being 79.8 Bq X kg-1, 61.6 Bq X kg-1 and 986 Bq X kg-1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The normalized radon exhalation rates from 15-cm-thick concrete, slag-aggregate concrete and by-product gypsum were 0.38 (Bq X m-2 X h-1)/(Bq X kg-1), 0.15 (Bq X m-2 X h-1)/(Bq X kg-1), and 0.06 (Bq X m-2 X h-1)/(Bq X kg-1), respectively. The ventilation rates in dwellings varied between 0.27 and 1.99 air changes per h, the mean value being 0.60 h-1, and the corresponding steady state radon concentrations in room air varied from 17.0 to 149 Bq X m-3 in blocks of flats made of concrete and from 11.2 to 61.9 Bq X m-3 in blocks of flats made of brick.
共对369份芬兰建筑材料样本进行了镭 - 226、钍 - 232和钾 - 40浓度检测。测量了19份材料样本的氡析出率，并对34处住宅的室内空气通风率和氡浓度进行了检测。混凝土生产用压载材料中镭 - 226、钍 - 232和钾 - 40浓度的平均值分别为34.2贝可勒尔/千克、39.0贝可勒尔/千克和964贝可勒尔/千克，标准差分别为18.7贝可勒尔/千克、19.5贝可勒尔/千克和265贝可勒尔/千克。粘土砖中的活度浓度高于混凝土，镭 - 226、钍 - 232和钾 - 40的平均值分别为79.8贝可勒尔/千克、61.6贝可勒尔/千克和986贝可勒尔/千克。15厘米厚的混凝土、矿渣集料混凝土和副产石膏的归一化氡析出率分别为0.38（贝可勒尔·平方米⁻¹·小时⁻¹）/（贝可勒尔·千克⁻¹）、0.15（贝可勒尔·平方米⁻¹·小时⁻¹）/（贝可勒尔·千克⁻¹）和0.06（贝可勒尔·平方米⁻¹·小时⁻¹）/（贝可勒尔·千克⁻¹）。住宅的通风率在每小时0.27至1.99次换气之间变化，平均值为0.60次/小时，混凝土结构公寓楼室内空气中相应的稳态氡浓度在17.0至149贝可勒尔/立方米之间，砖结构公寓楼室内空气中相应的稳态氡浓度在11.2至61.9贝可勒尔/立方米之间。
